Here's a quick round-up of highlights from our research and writing published in 2021, on degrowth, imperialism, decolonization and global justice. Free PDFs of all of these papers are available via the link at the end of the thread. 🧵
1) Post-growth and degrowth policies are key to enabling us to decarbonize fast enough to stay under 1.5 or 2C in a safe and just way, and we need climate mitigation scenarios that describe these pathways. Here's our argument in Nature Energy: nature.com/articles/s4156…
2) What does degrowth mean? This short piece is intended to address a few common questions that newcomers raise: tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
3) Degrowth visions are not just about ecology. They are also rooted in anti-colonial principles. Degrowth calls for an end to the patterns of imperial appropriation that underpin capitalism in the global North: sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
4) How does imperialism work in the contemporary world economy? Here we describe "unequal exchange" and calculate that the global North has drained resources from the South worth $62 trillion since 1960: tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
5) Our research on ecological and social indicators indicates that the existing economy isn't going to cut it. It devours the planet while failing to meet even basic human needs, because it's organized around profit and accumulation rather than well-being. nature.com/articles/s4189…
6) Do we need a Green New Deal or degrowth? Here we argue that we need both. If we want our GND to be technologically feasible, socially just and ecologically coherent, it needs to integrate degrowth principles: sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
7) For more on degrowth, here's a debate I had with the World Bank's lead climate economist, which gave me the chance to elaborate further on questions of decoupling, climate strategy, and social policy: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dp…
8) Here is a short piece on what radical climate policy in the global North would look like: a rapid reduction in fossil fuel use, a dramatic reduction in inequality, a social guarantee, and a commitment to climate reparations: currentaffairs.org/2021/11/what-w…
9) The pursuit of continued growth in the North relies on imperialist appropriation from the South. If we want to end this violence - and stop ecological breakdown - we need degrowth, and political alliances between environmentalists and labour unions: currentaffairs.org/2021/12/the-ag…
10) Here's a concrete proposal for how countries in the global South can throw off the shackles of imperialist capital, achieve economic decolonization and end poverty, while forcing the global North to reduce their plunder of the planet's resources: newint.org/features/2021/…
11) And here's a case for a Climate Job Guarantee as part of a post-growth transition (although sadly Foreign Policy ran with a title that doesn't really capture my argument): foreignpolicy.com/2021/02/23/sti…
Thank you all for sharing the journey with me over the past year, and thank you to all of my brilliant colleagues who were involved with or led this work. Free PDFs and open-access versions of all journal articles can be found here: jasonhickel.org/academic-work
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In 2022, let us build a political movement capable of dismantling the fossil fuel system and ensuring a just transition for all.
Btw, a just transition must be attentive to global inequality. Rich countries have disproportionately caused this crisis, and have wildly excessive levels of energy use. A just approach means they must reach zero emissions much faster than 2050 (which is a global average target).
This is crucial to give poorer countries more time, and to ensure everyone has energy sufficient for decent living. And that means ending the net appropriation of Southern resources by Northern states and firms, so they can be used instead to meet local human needs.
I'm excited to announce the latest release of the Sustainable Development Index, now with data through 2019. Costa Rica tops the list! sustainabledevelopmentindex.org
Rich countries continue to perform poorly, with dangerously high levels of resource use and emissions. Sadly the Nordic countries also fall toward the bottom. aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/…
Middle-income countries that have strong public provisioning systems (specifically for healthcare and education) tend to perform best. This model allows countries to deliver relatively high levels of human welfare with relatively low levels of resource use.
As the US "Summit for Democracy" continues today, it's worth remembering how the US has actively destroyed democracies across much of the global South over the past several decades, while propping up authoritarian regimes. Here are a few prominent examples:
In 1953, the US worked with Britain to orchestrate a coup that deposed Mohammed Mosaddegh, the elected Prime Minister of Iran, and in his place propped up the authoritarian regime of Reza Shah. Remember Mosaddegh:
In 1954, the US orchestrated a coup to depose Jacobo Árbenz, the democratically elected leader of Guatemala, and installed the military dictator Carlos Castillo Armas in his place. Remember Árbenz:
I'm excited to announce this new paper we have out in Nature Sustainability. We track countries' performance on social and ecological indicators (the doughnut!) from 1992 to 2015. With the brilliant @AndrewLFanning, @DrDanONeill and @Nicolas43513211. nature.com/articles/s4189…
Here are some of the key findings:
1. No country has managed to achieve minimum social thresholds while remaining within planetary boundaries over the period analyzed. But a few do come close, with Costa Rica leading the way.
2. Social gains have been slow and insufficient even while resource use has exploded.
This is what happens when you have an economic system that is organized around capital accumulation and elite consumption rather than around meeting human needs.
This is one of the most important books I've read this year. I've been researching and writing about capitalism and imperialism for my whole career, and I learned something from every page. It's a must-read for anyone who wants to understand the world economy.
The Patnaiks argue that capital accumulation in the global North *requires* an imperialist arrangement with the global South, not as a bug but as a feature. This helps explain several turns in global economic history that economists have otherwise struggled to understand.
The book also includes a chapter that updates Utsa Patnaik's research on the British colonial drain from India, which I had reported on here. New data puts the total figure at $66 trillion. aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/…
I had the honour of reading an advance copy of David Graeber and @DavidWengrow’s new book “The Dawn of Everything”. It is masterful and exhilarating – a much-needed update to our story of human civilization. It is also politically liberating:
For ages we have been told that if we want to create an egalitarian society the only option is to wind back time and return to living in small forager bands. After all, hierarchy emerged with the rise of complex societies. It is a necessary feature of civilization. Right?
Not so. Graeber and Wengrow show that human history is full of complex, multicultural societies – even cities with big public works – that show no evidence of kings and palaces and coercive power.