Thread about Saint Anthony's festival, beginning of the Carnival traditions in Sardinia.
📸 Boe of Ottana
Saint Anthony the Abbot was born in Egypt and the appellative of "de su fogu" (of the fire) differentiates him from Saint Anthony from Padova. This "nickname" derives from the ritual of lighting up bonfires in his honour, on January 17th.
In Sardinia, on that day, wood is-
-gathered in the squares of the town and set on fire. People who expressed vows the previous year can bring larger pieces of wood. The bonfire is usually fed with cork. Smaller bonfires can be used to jump over them. The soot is used to paint faces black (sign of fertility-
-or rebirth linked to Carnival rites) and some people can take away some embers.
The festival is a religious one, therefore there will be priests and a Procession with the statue of the Saint. At the same time, this date marks the first exit (sa prima essìa) of Carnival masks.
This happens both in Mamoiada (with the Mamuthones and Issohadores) and Ottana (with Boes, Merdules and Filonzana). Whoever thinks the Church suppressed local, ancient rituals has definitely never been in Sardinia. The first exit of the masks is as sacred as the priest's blessing
On the night between the 16th and 17th of January, the masks of Ottana and Mamoiada make their first appearance of the year. Even if the rituals and the background meaning of the masks is slightly different, the ritual is very similar. The masks will make several rounds-
-around the fire, each following their own rite. The Mamuthones will be led in dance by the Issohadores, while the Boes will try to escape the Merdules. Sa Filonzana will go around foreseeing people's death.
The prima essìa is done by other Sardinian masks in other towns too.
Here is a short video of the prima essìa of Mamuthones and Issohadores in Mamoiada:
And here are the Boes, Merdules and Filonzana in Ottana:
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Thread about the representations of Sardinia in art, literature and movies from the 19th century to the 'colonial' view, the ethnic body and the counter-reaction of Sardinian artists.
📸 Biasi
This thread covers a rather complex topic, that I don't mean to analyse in all the details. What makes it difficult is not only the way non-Sardinians saw the Island, but also the way the locals used these views to create a (false) unified, single identity, taking to the-
-extremes what was actually true. This discussion will therefore follow both the external and internal points of view.
This analysis begins from the 19th century, when the current of Positivism aroused a general interest towards different cultures. Often (if not always) this-
**Sardinian STEREOTYPES and criminal anthropology**
From Cicero to criminal anthropology, all the insults and harmful ideologies Sardinians had (have) to face.
📸 A couple of Sardinian bandits.
This is going to be a little heavy topic, involving different kinds of discrimination.
The first ones who had something to say against Sardinians were the Romans, who didn't manage to fully take control of the people. Native people still attacked Roman settlements from-
-their own refuge in the inner mountains of Sardinia. The Romans called them barbarians, because they did that to everyone, and the modern name of Barbagia derives from that. But the stereotype wasn't only for the people inhabiting the mountains, but for all Sardinians.
Sardinian pastoral songs, UNESCO intangibile heritage since 2006.
📸 Tenores of Bitti
Sardinia has a long poetic and chants tradition, linked to each other. Singing was considered a male talent, so that a typical saying told "women are born crying, men are born singing", even if we also had occurrences of women leading choirs, and women used-
-to sing in their everyday activities.
The cantu a tenore is a traditional singing linked to pastoral life and requires a group of people. The group is called tenore, from which the chants take the name. The group is usually made up by four people, with one soloist ("sa boghe")-
In Sardinia, bread is the equivalent of a basic lunch. For most part of past centuries, bread was the only thing people could eat every day. When the shepherds left their homes for weeks or months, they solely ate bread and cheese.
Bread is the metaphor for everything that is-
-good, sacred, basic. Bread couldn't be thrown away and was eaten even if stale.
The large fields and plains of Sardinia, from Marmilla, Campidano and north Sardinia, made the cultivation of wheat very favourable, so much so that Sardinia was one of the Roman Empire's granaries.
**Who killed the king? The regicide of UGONE of ARBOREA**
Thread about the unsolved murder of the judike Ugone and his daughter, Benedetta.
📸 Portrait attributed to Ugone of Arborea, church of San Gavino Monreale
During the time of Sardinian Judicates, regicide/tyrannicide, if not legal, was tolerated. It's not certain where the custom comes from, some say from Byzantine law, others from local tradition. What is certain is that the king/queen had to swear to act accordingly to the-
-people's will when they were elected, and the people could destitute them if this didn't happen.
We have at least three certain cases of regicide: the first happened in 1237 in the Judicate of Torres, when the 17-y-o king Barisone III was murdered with his tutor, leading-
Thread about the origin and differences of Sardinian language variants.
There isn't a single Sardinian language just like there isn't a single Sardinian culture. Every town has its own variations, that's why the topic is complicated and can only be broadly spoken about.
We don't know for sure what language(s) ancient Nuragic populations spoke-
-but we call it generically proto- or paleo-Sardinian. Some words (like babay) and toponyms still remain in the modern languages. There have been also influences from the Phoenician and Punic contacts.
The strongest influence has though been Roman Latin. In fact, Rome colonised-