Furin cleavage site data and discussion included. Identical sequence stretch on S. cerevisiae chromosome XIII identified and suggested as potential recombination donor for the furin site insert in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
3. Revised version 3 includes new data regarding the origin of the unusual FCS in SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, with these new data & evidence, it suggests that this critical site is the product of a recombination event after synthetic passage in genetically manipulated S. cerevisiae cells
4. . Overall, the research presented in this article now provides strong evidence that SARS-CoV-2 has an origin in synthetic yeast, and as such is not a product of natural evolution alone.
5. Highlighted Revisions - 1
"At this junction, we detect a highly specific stretch of yeast DNA encoding for the critical furin cleavage site insert PRRA, which has not been seen in other lineage b betacoronaviruses"
6. Highlighted Revisions - 2
"Our data specifically allow the identification of
the yeast S. cerevisiae as a potential recombination donor for the critical furin cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2"
7. Highlighted Revisions - 3
"Of special interest in this analysis was a 16 base sequence TTCTCCTCGGCGGGCA near P2 between position 23599 & 23614, which corresponded to the furin cleavage site & identically aligned with bases [810386..810401] from S. cerevisiae chromosome XIII"
8. Highlighted Revisions - 4
"Yeast (S. cerevisiae) standardized BLAT z-scores representing the relative homology signal from all alignment scores in 13 representative SARS-related coronaviruses"
Note that only, SARS-COV 1, SARS -COV 2 and RaTG13 show Yeast anomalies.
9. Highlighted Revisions - 5
"According to our data, this cleavage site is specifically compatible with a recombination event including chromosome XIII of S. cerevisiae, which shares a unique nucleotide sequence that encodes
the necessary insert PRRA"
10. Any questions?
Corresponding author: Andreas Martin Lisewski
a.lisewski@jacobs-university.de
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They use a dataset skewed toward Yunnan & Laos (p. 16), leading to phylogeographic models that place SARS-CoV ancestors far from Wuhan & Guangdong (p. 12).
This sampling bias undermines the reliability of their geographic inferences.
23. Neglecting Alternative Hypotheses
No SARS-CoV-like viruses near emergence sites?
They completely overlook non-bat reservoirs, like civets or pangolins, which could explain local circulation (p. 15).
This omission weakens their claim of distant ancestor origins (p. 12).
24. Inconsistent Molecular Clock Rates
The paper misuses variable NRR-specific clock rates, which give inconsistent SARS-CoV ancestor dates (e.g., 1944–2014 for SARS-CoV-2, p. 9).
Without any validation of bat-specific rates, this approach has no rational grounding (p. 14).
"our inferences of the time of the ancestors of human SARS-CoVs and their closest bat sarbecoviruses are UNBIASED"
6. Captain Obvious Strikes Again (1)
"we show that the ancestors of SARS-CoV-1 & SARS-CoV-2 likely circulated in horseshoe bat populations 100s to 1000s km away from the sites of the emergence of these viruses in humans & as recently as one to six years prior to this emergence"
7. Captain Obvious Strikes Again (2)
"Our findings indicate that there would not have been sufficient time for the direct bat virus ancestor to reach the locations of emergence of the human SARS-CoVs via normal dispersal through bat populations alone"
Fragments of human SARS-CoVs share recent common ancestors with bat viruses
SARS-CoV-like viruses have circulated in Asia for millennia
Ancestors of human SARS-CoVs likely circulated in China & Laos
Ancestors traveled unexpectedly fast
2. No Pangolins allowed!
There is insufficient temporal signal when calibrating a molecular clock using tip dating with sarbecoviruses sampled from bats & pangolins, likely as a consequence of limited sampling across space & time.
Therefore, we used SARS-CoV-1 genomes!
3. Definitely no pangolins!
As sampling locations of SARS-CoV-1, 2 & pangolin sarbecoviruses likely do not represent where their direct bat virus ancestors circulated, we EXCLUDED their locations from phylogeographic analyses to avoid the IMPACT of dispersal of non-bat hosts!
"I worked with researchers in this space - virology + combatting future pandemics - in the decade before the pandemic".
2⃣ One Fact
"The one fact that the last 5 years never readily disclosed is that the core ideology of this community of researchers was fundamentally divided"
3⃣ Lab based creation of super-viruses
"About half of the researchers, including many leading virologists whose names appeared in the news, believed and argued passionately for the lab-based creation of super-viruses and super-bacteria"
Turning and turning in the petri dish,
The scientists cannot hear the warnings;
Genes recombine; the barriers cannot hold,
Evil virology is loosed upon the world,
The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere
The ceremony of innocence is drowned;
The best lack critical thinking, while the professors
Are full of furious bias.
Surely some revelation is at hand;
Surely the cover up is now banned?
Lab Leak! Hardly are those words out
When a vast image out of Human Folly
Troubles my sight:
3. Somewhere in Wuhan
somewhere in the cell lines of a Chinese laboratory
A shape with pangolin body and the head of a bat,
A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,
Is moving its long tongue, while all about it
Reel shadows of the indignant molested bats.