#JanuAIRWAY Day 27 – The Neurosurgical Airway (thanks to @gasgal13 for her expert contribution to today’s content!). Head Vs Spine. Elective Vs Emergency. So many points of interest for airway managers. Here's a pair of #OnePagers to kick off! #JanuAIRWAY 1/5
Key principles:
- Prevent rises in ICP
- Avoid hypoxia & low BP
- Minimise C-spine movement where indicated
- Be aware of positioning
- Beware of potential difficult airway in neurosurgical pathology
- Beware of post-op issues e.g. haematoma post-ACDF #JanuAIRWAY 2/5
We can, in general, divide acute / emergency patients into 2 groups: 1) Cooperative – awake techniques may be the best option in anticipated difficulty 2) Uncooperative – asleep laryngoscopy or asleep FOI (consider LMA conduit) #FOAMed#JanuAIRWAY 3/5
#JanuAIRWAY Day 31 (the last day!) – Difficult Airway Conditions. There are loads – what follows isn’t a definitive list – but it’s pretty long all the same! Let’s dive in… #DifficultAirway#FOAMed #JanuAIRWAY 1/7
#JanuAIRWAY Day 26 – The Traumatic Airway. Particularly stressful airways to manage = one part of a wider critically ill patient. Let’s kick off with a #OnePager #FOAMed#JanuAIRWAY 1/5
The principles of Rx are:
-Beware the isolated environment
-Plan for uncooperative patient
-Prevent aspiration
-Protect C-spine
-Plan for difficult airway #FOAMed#JanuAIRWAY 2/5
Define type of trauma early – blunt vs penetrating (neck divided into 3 zones), and assess for:
-Distorted anatomy
-Bleeding
-Subcut. Emphysema – injury to gas containing structure
-Other traumatic injury – e.g. head, thorax, abdomen, etc #FOAMed#JanuAIRWAY 3/5
Failed intubation requires a different approach in Obs. The 2015 @dasairway /@OAAinfo guidelines are really helpful for this! Covering safe Obs GA, failed intubation and GA. #JanuAIRWAY 2/5
The DAS/OAA guidelines also cover decision making – when to bail out / when to proceed and aftercare – which mustn’t be overlooked! #JanuAIRWAY 3/5
#JanuAIRWAY Day 24 -Paediatric Airways. (ft. expert contributions from Alistair Baxter and @ENT_UK’s Adam Donne). Let’s dive in … Here's some #OnePagers covering anatomy, induction, airway manoeuvres and basic airway equipment. #JanuAIRWAY 1/10
Top tip from Alistair Baxter: Remember that a Macintosh blade is a hyperangulated blade in an infant and requires an intubation stylet shaped to match the curve of the blade #JanuAIRWAY 2/10
The difficult paediatric airway = #SCARY. Upper airway obstruction in children – broad range of presentations, three important diagnoses; Croup, Epiglottitis and Inhaled Foreign Body. Here’s some #OnePagers. #JanuAIRWAY 3/10
#JanuAIRWAY Day 23 (the final stretch!). Malacias and SVC Obstruction. Here's a pair of #OnePagers to get started.. #JanuAIRWAY 1/10
What are malacias? = rare dynamic airway obstruction - (congenital / acquired) due to loss of cartilaginous support
Decreased intratracheal pressure + increased intrathoracic pressure lead to airway compression
Severity is proportional to expiratory force #JanuAIRWAY 2/10
Issues
Obstruction can occur even if aymptomatic
Maintain spont. Vent. if poss
Emergency management =+ve pressure (splint airways open) or bypass obstruction
Surgery depends on location / extent
Extubate deep (avoid coughing) or directly to CPAP #JanuAIRWAY 3/10
#JanuAIRWAY Day 22. Airway Obstruction – Infraglottic (intrathoracic). Again, presents its own set of challenges. Let’s dive in … Here's a #OnePager (Ft. expert contribution Sadie Khwaja @ENT_UK ) #JanuAIRWAY 1/7
Issues:
- Upper/Mid lesions usually low risk – ETT may pass beyond
- Low tracheal/Bronchial lesions = high risk, best managed in specialist centres
- CT scan = essential
- Sudden obstruction can occur at ANY time
- Potential compression of heart/vessels #JanuAIRWAY 2/7
Severe Obstruction:
- Check position patient breaths best in
- Spont vent may help, IPPV may cause airway collapse
- Opinion re: IV vs inhalational = mixed
- Ketamine ?preserves chest wall tone
- Need back up plan
- Consider Heliox/bypass/ECMO before starting #JanuAIRWAY 3/7