Reentry vehicle nosetip after flying through rain at Mach 10, Sandia photo. One of the many engineering challenges to consider when designing hypersonic weapons.
Table of impact energies and speeds for water-density particles, courtesy B. Carmichael, Southern Research.
Hypersonic thought leaders emphasize there's much left to understand. At ISEC 2021, AFOSR high-speed aero lead Dr. Sarah Popkin noted that particulates were "highly suspected to impact boundary layer transition" (sudden turbulent flows on vehicle).
THREAD: Some highlights from TTC's Military Hypersonic Weapon Systems Conference.
Larry Wortzel discusses Chinese doctrine and compares capabilities. Notes that PLA hopes to "become capable of holding a potential enemy's mainland at risk." Raises concerns over mixing of nuclear and non-nuclear systems.
Wortzel suggests one additional reason why China was building siloes: "I think they were having trouble maintaining [their mobile missiles]."
VADM Hill, MDA Director at #SMD2021: “The big change for us as an agency…we used to spend most of our time worried about countermeasures [decoys, etc]…but with these coordinated attacks we see today, it’s about maneuver and speed.”
Hill: Intercepting low, maneuvering threats in "terminal phase...is never where we want to be"
Hill highlights need for layered capability. And here's this year's MDA placemat. Is there a wording change? Today's Layered *Active* Missile Defense System? would dovetail with increasing focus on active and passive defense.
Gen James at #SMD2021 panel: As SPACECOM's mandate begins over 100 km in the atmosphere, "my team is in charge of perhaps the largest AOR in the universe"
Gen Brady: "we've been focused a lot of fixed and semifixed assets" but Army intent on pivoting to protect the maneuver force. Says European allies very interested in this capability.
Brady: Army AAMDC is focused more on interoperability; excited for IBCS, but in interim, Mission Partner Environment developed recently aids in passing info to allies, esp. legacy tactical datalinks.
At #SMD2021, Adm. Richard cautions against comparing stockpile sizes, because half of US stockpile "operationally unavailable" due to treaty constraints. Also asks OSINTers to keep looking for Chinese siloes; "I usually have to pay someone to do that"
Richard: China "soon to be the pacing threat in most categories," and Russia "seeking to solidify great power status"—points to Moscow's gray zone actions.
Russia "has over 2,000 non-treaty accountable" tactical nuclear weapons. And "has the capacity to drastically increase" its nuclear stockpile. "Russia has more strategic missile defense than we do; theirs is nuclear-tipped and they're improving it."
Dr. Shari Feth, MDA tech lead uses fun graphic at #SMD2021. In which the boater is the PM and the lumberjack is the technologist.
Feth emphasizes that the program side should have a dual-hatted chief technology officer and dedicated plan to aid in tech transition. Programs lack incentives to evaluate new technologies without bridge planning and people.
In panel, SMDC tech lead Dr. Michael Zmuda discusses future threat environment: "synchronized" and "integrated" attacks; "it's not multidomain, it's all domain"; focus on winning cost equation.