Dr. Carter Godwin Woodson founded Negro history week in 1926, to honor & teach the hidden contributions of African descendants to human history, often overlooked in Eurocentric academia. He dedicated his life to preserve those missing pages of our history #BlackHistoryMonth#Day1
Dr. Carter G Woodson was the author of several books, dealing with medieval and modern Black history. In his book "African heroes and heroines" he speaks on the history of West African civilizations, one of the ancestral homelands of African Americans.
"The Western African and Sudanese kingdoms which the Mohammedans found on reaching the interior and the West Coast.... The first to be noticed was Kumbi, called Ghana by the Arabs.” - African heroes and heroines by Dr. Carter G Woodson
"No one knows exactly how early Kumbi developed. The records show that the empire was in action at least fifteen hundred years ago" - African heroes and heroines by Dr. Carter G Woodson
"There is no record of any but black kings and emperors who ruled in this part of Africa. These black people were called the Sarakolle" - African heroes and heroines by Dr. Carter G Woodson
"The best sources are the works of those who traveled in these parts—such as Ibn-Haukal ..... Two histories have been left by native Africans themselves, namely, The Tarikh Es-Sudan, by Abderrah man Saadi, and the Tarikh El-Fettach, by Mahmud Köti" - Dr. Carter G Woodson
"These people rose to heights under a great prince bearing the title maga or maya of Kumbi, or the tunka of Ghana..
This prince was respected as far as Cairo and Bagdad. He and his successors extended his power over the Arabs immigrating into that area" - Dr. Carter G Woodson
"The king whom the invaders found ruling in Kumbi in such great sway was Tenkamenim. In 1062...When Tenkamenin gave audience he appeared in great state under a pavilion round which were ranged ten horses caparisoned in gold" - African heroes and heroines by Dr. Carter G Woodson
"On the right of the king stood the sons of the prince of the empire magnificently dressed according to Oriental style. The governor of the town and all ministers of the empire sat upon the ground in front of the ruler." - African heroes and heroines by Dr. Carter G Woodson
"The royal town surrounded by beautiful gardens was guarded by priests. In that important place no one was allowed to enter except those invited by the king, for in it were kept the idols of the nation, the tombs of the kings, and the royal prisons." - Dr. Carter G Woodson
"The religion was animism, a belief that all things have good or evil spirits to be appeased in order that man may not be disturbed by the evil ones and may be blessed by the good" - African heroes and heroines by Dr. Carter G Woodson
"Education from the African point of view had been made practical teaching the child to do what was required of his parents in raising a family, defending the country and preserving the customs of the people" - Dr. Carter G Woodson #BlackHistoryMonth#Day1
"The empire was well organized from the point of view of its time. It showed as much evidence of political progress as was found in most of the kingdoms and empires then developed" - Dr. Carter G Woodson
"Magic was believed and practiced in these parts... some times figured in the administration of justice. In the king himself, however, justice finally resided, for one of standing could always appeal to the sovereign" - Dr. Carter G Woodson #BlackHistoryMonth#Day1
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From Ounjougou to Amekni and Tessalit, tracing the origin of ancient West African agriculture
10th millennium BCE - 4th Millennium BCE
(Thread)
Since the African paleolithic (200,000 -100,000 ka) plants had been collected and used for food, medicinal purposes, anti pest control, as well as bedding, etc.
By the 10th millennium BCE, foragers in Ounjougou, Mali were manufacturing ceramics and pots to store and cook collected wild grains.
By the 9th millennium BCE, they had spread North into the southern - central green Sahara, associated with the emergence of round head rock art.
Ancient Nigerians in Nsukka started smelting iron some time between 2631 - 2458 BCE, long before the arrival of Nok people
The dufuna canoe, Nok canoe art and Atlantic seashell terracotta may be evidence of Nok long distance trade with iron metallurgists, down the Niger River
"Some very early iron dates include 1895–1370 BCE at Tchire Ouma 147 in the Termit Massif region of Niger; 2631–2458 BCE at Lejja in Nsukka region, Nigeria"
- Foreman Bandama
"The beginning of iron production sometime between 750 and 550 BC"
- Louis Champion
"In Taruga he recovered terracotta fragments in context with iron-smelting furnaces. Radiocarbon measurements dated the site to the mid-first millennium BC"
- Dr. Nicole Rupp
The Saharo-Sudanese industry, ancestors of Niger-Congo speakers constructed stone foundations to huts and stone enclosures 10,000 years ago, corralling Barbary sheep in caves during the green Sahara. This taming took place 2,000 years before the spread of pastoralism.
Dr. Jitka Soukupova speaking of the stone architecture of the green Sahara
"Early Holocene sheltered sites in the Tadrart Acacus massif offer impressive evidence of sophisticated forms of wild animal management and force us to reconsider the nature of human-animal relations prior to the introduction of domesticates to the region"
- Dr. Rocco Rotunno
Saharo-Sudanese culture in Morocco and the ivory trade with ancient Iberia, during the Late Holocene, 4th-2nd Millennium BCE
(THREAD)
The oldest grass seed collection in the world was found in ancient South East Africa, dating back 100,000 years, long pre-dating some of the first signs of early Saharan farming in Mali and Takarkori, Libya. science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
West African ceramics associated with proto-farming originated in Mali, 9,400 BCE and spread as far North as Morocco, where SSA roulette cord ceramics were found, along with Mediterranean derived ceramics from Iberia, 7,000 ka.
Diy-Gid-Biy/DGB stone ruins in the Mandara Mountains of northern Cameroon, were built between the 13th - 16th Century AD
Oral tradition, similar style stone architecture and pottery from the modern Chadic speakers of Gwoza hills, Nigeria links them to the builders of DGB sites
"archaeological considerations place the period of creation and use of the Diy-gid-biy between the 13th and 16th centuries . AD."
- Dr. Jean-Marie Datouang
"Known as Diy-Gi’d-Biy...... While varying greatly in size, they constitute the most impressive set of indigenous stone-built structures in sub-Saharan Africa out-side the Horn and the complex of ruins in Zimbabwe and Mozambique"
- Nicholas David
The Gangara Stone Ruins believed to be post neolithic, pre Islamic architecture
Built by Wangara/Soninke people called "Gangara" by medieval Arabs during the Ghana empire. The ceramics discovered are said to be similar to one's still being made by moden Black Mauritanians.
"Al-Bakrî mentions the Gangara as a group of Blacks in the neighborhood of the Senhaja town of Banklabîn.........Gangara, or Guangara, on the other hand, corresponds phonetically better to our group, whom al-Bakrî characterizes as black non-Muslims"
- Andreas W. Massing
"Traditions are agreed that
these 'post-neolithic, pre-Islamic' villages belonged to black people called 'Gangara', ancestors of the present-day Soninke (Sarracolet)"
- E. Ann McDOUGALL