Brake duct bodywork will change a lot in #F12022. New rules prescribe and control what can be done around brakes and wheels. #F1
Up until last year teams used the brake duct bodywork to do more just cool the brakes. Air was blown thru the hub out of the wheel for an outwash effect. At the rear fins helped create upwash. Heat from the brakes was directed at or away from wheels to manage tyre temperatures.
In 2022 the brake duct bodywork is more controlled. Its broken up into several sections, the drum that fills the wheel, a scoop to feed air in and out of the brakes and deflectors to manage external airflows
The drum and deflectors are prescribed in their design, teams can make minimal changes to their basic shape.
The front has a large deflector, this both cleans up the tyre wake and it prevents inwash when in turbulence
Teams are given volume in which to fit a scoop and rear lip.
The front its limited to just a scoop for cooling.
The rear has an allowance for upwashing fins.
Remember all brake cooling air must go in and out of the scoop. None out through the wheel. Also blown hubs are banned
Brake heat management into the wheel for tyre warming might continue, but is more limited.
As the material, construction and inner ducting of the ducts is free.
Heat from the disc inside the drum could still be directed towards or away from the wheel with careful detail design.
Teams will play a LOT with this.
Scoops will be smaller and the fronts will get airflow in from inside and side the defector (see McLaren) .
Brake dust could get deposited on the bodywork from the exits & would be a sign of bad aero as it should be thrown clear of the bodywork
For those newer to F1, in the days before blown front hubs and even with squishy sidewall 13" tyres. Most teams ran scoopless brake ducts.
Using a small inlet behind the deflector, this reduced drag.
They gave no cooling problems compared to scoop fed designs.
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Front wings will all be different and quite a challenge for #F1 teams in 2022.
A front wing's primary job is to balance the downforce created by the rest of the car, i.e underfloor & rear wing. If you have a well balanced underfloor or small RW you only need a small FW.
The wings secondary role is to manage airflow downstream, this means Armitage directing and diverting airflow from key areas back aking the car, i.e front tyres, underfloor inlets, brakes and cooling inlets.
In 2022 the tunnel inlets are a major area to feed with clean air
In 2022 there's large regulatory box in which to fit the front wing. This gives a lot more freedom than in 2021.
You can run the wing high or low at different points across its span. Then chose how much of the remaining height within the box to create angle for downforce.
For #F1 rear suspension teams have favoured pullrod since 2009. The rocker/spring/dampers sit low down in the space front of the gear casette.
In recent years Merc brought the gear cassette forwards and packaged the spring/dampers further back.
With the #F12022 regs the gear casette has been shifted rearwards, into this space
Now, McLaren have switched to pushrod at the rear. This places the rocker/spring/damper higher up ahead of the cassette.
There's more room in this area, so it might be a tidier way to package things, at the cost of a small rise in CofG height.
Last but not least for #F12022 reg changes, Aero.
From front to rear things to look out for on the new cars:
Nose shapes are quite free, slim versions are possible, as does the way the tip merges with the front wing with either a short or full length nose. #F1
Layouts will be an early factor in design. With wheelbase capped at 3.6m
Front axle position must be ahead of the pedals
Tunnel inlet is tied to the cockpit position
Tunnel exit tied to the rear axle line.
Thus, the layout could vary. 1) push the front axle rearwards to make for longer tunnels, but his places the front tyre wake close to the tunnel/sidepod inlet. 2) push the front axle forwards to keep dirty air away from shorter tunnels.
Nearing the last of the #F12022 regs to cover: Brakes.
Its really only the discs and ducts that have new rules, altho everything else will have to change to suit; pedal, master cylinder, caliper, brake by wire system.
- None of the brakes are spec parts #F1
The discs have grown from 280mm dia to 320mm, but still 32mm thick. Despite being larger they do not fill the 18" wheels. The cooling holes must 3mm dia, so less holes can be made.
Larger discs run cooler and will produce more torque.
But, the cars are heavier & faster on the straights.
So, its arguable if there'll be any noticable change in braking performance
Continuing our dig into the #F12022 rules: Wheels.
Going to 18" wheels is just the tip of the changes. There will now be one spec wheel supplied by @bbs_motorsport to all teams.
Made from magnesium alloy, the single supply means teams can't play with knurled or ribbed details. Which limits heat transfer between brakes and tyres.
In addition to the wheel, there'll be the aero wheel cover, bolted to the wheel. Teams can't play with the shape and must run it at all times. Hot air from the brakes passes out the inside of the rim, so having no opening isnt a problem. Altho aiming a wheel gun into it might be.