Diane Swonk Profile picture
Feb 22 5 tweets 1 min read
Russia/Ukraine Crisis and the Federal Reserve:

1) For now, crisis is more inflationary than disinflationary.
2) Timing couldn’t be worse; adding fuel to an already burning fire on inflation; risks of inflation becoming more entrenched just went up.
3)Those shifts in the absence of financial market turbulence make the Fed likely to follow through on rate hikes. But, we do have financial market turbulence.
4) What would cause the Fed to stop rate hikes and worry about financial markets more? A seizure in financial markets.
5) A credit market seizure would be far worse than a Fed tightening, rate hikes - hoping that doesn’t happen.
6) Fed doesn’t have a good history of fighting inflation without going too far on rate hikes. They won’t know they have gone too far until it is too late.
7)Not clear can derail current inflation cycle without dampening demand and allowing supply time to catch up.
8) Hard for that to occur without rate hikes eventually taking a toll on employment and pushing unemployment up.
9) Risks of a boom/bust cycle are high.
10) There is eery resemblance to oil shock on heels of inflation surge in 70s. That has to scare Fed but nothing about this crisis has followed a script. Would love to go off script and see inflation come down without pain. Inflation🔥.

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More from @DianeSwonk

Feb 21
Been working on scenarios if we are not able to avert a hot or hybrid (invasion plus cyber war) between Russia & Ukraine. Here is a 🧵 the challenge to the Federal Reserve. Moral of the story; even temp spike in oil prices and could trigger more entrenched inflation. Bad timing.
This is at same time that cyber attacks could compound supply chain problems and extend well beyond Ukraine. Russia looking at a variety of targets in the West & already disrupting shipping to/from Ukraine, a player in grain market.
From Federal Reserve’s perspective, the timing couldn’t have been worse, as it threatens to reinforce a move up in inflation expectations. Our resilience through initial oil price increases also an issue as it means more initial rate hikes by Fed.
Read 5 tweets
Jan 9
Watching this week closely as it is the week that the January employment survey will be taken for Jan. Slowdown could be significant. Risk of a large drop in payrolls. Spread & contagion of Omicron mimicking mandated lockdowns in way that no other variant did.
Important to understand what the employment situation measures. The establishment survey is an estimate of those on a payroll during the week. Even those paid only an hour during the week will show up on payrolls. Pandemic has complicated measures & made for lg revisions.
The first estimates on new business creation and small business employment can be really off. In Mar 2020 , which covered mid Feb to mid Mar & was taken before one lockdown occurred showed a staggering 701k initial loss in jobs.
Read 16 tweets
Jan 9
Pandemics tend to create labor shortages. Historically, that was just driven by the number of fatalities. Current pandemic is coming close to previous pandemics on global scale when excess deaths in developing countries (also pockets of our own) are taken into account.
Delta waves hit younger cohort of people, which means it hit 24-54 year olds, or what is known as the prime-age labor force, harder than previous waves. Now layer in long COVID, potentially in kids, and you have a generational blow to labor force.
That is before we adjust for other generational scars of the pandemic, span losses of a parent,
primary earner in a family and blow to educational attainment.

Other supply shocks are the precipitous drop in access to child and elder care. Latter not gotten attention deserves.
Read 6 tweets
Jan 7
Wow. Taken a while to digest the numbers on employment. Record 2021 gains of 6.4M jobs. December only 199k but more reflective of inability of employers to find workers than weak demand. Unem plummeted to pandemic low of 3.9%;wages, esp for low paid worker soared.
Sadly, we are seeing all the signs of a tight labor market while we are still 3.4M short of February 2020 peak. Employers need to deal with hurdles to reemployment as they search for workers. The pandemic has constrained the supply of workers while juicing demand.
Hispanic & Black women drove participation in the labor market but it is still well below prepandemic levels. Hurdles to job seeking inc childcare, care for those sick, long COVID, retirements, ⬇️ in immigration, mobility/commute costs (jobs now located outside of urban areas)
Read 5 tweets
Jan 3
Omicron is not Delta. The speed with which it spreads combined with a surge in flu other illnesses is shifting the dynamics of its impact on the economy. Fear of contagion and an aversion in-person events is no longer the primary determinant of economic losses.
Businesses, schools, doctors offices, theaters, retailers will have to go online and/or temporarily shutter as infections soar. The transportation system has already been stressed along with hospitals, which are short staffed due to burnout and the sheer number of staff out sick.
Government agencies are temporarily closing in some areas, while fire departments are reporting they don’t have enough staff to respond when needed. Online groceries have been overwhelmed with orders and wait times are ballooning for those who can afford the delivery charges.
Read 11 tweets
Dec 21, 2021
Lots of uniformed debate about government spending, omicron & the economy. This is a summary of the numbers, without the commentary on what we should do.

First, lost in translation is the 800 lb gorilla in the room - state and local spending.
We had ~ 5T in COVID relief funds but ~ 3.5T have been allocated - $550b of 1.5T shortfall reallocated to infrastructure bill and will take years to spend. Total government spend was a 0.2% drag -yes you read that correctly DRAG - on overall economy in 2021.
GDP looks poised to rise 5.7% in 2021, strongest since 1984. Hence, inflation highest since 1982 in most recent read. 4Q is expected to be strongest quarter of the year but less than many hoped given Omicron spread in December.
Read 16 tweets

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