Balaji Srinivasan Profile picture
Feb 25 12 tweets 7 min read
The militarization of US tech may be inevitable. But before we jump into privatized cyberwar, let's think through possible consequences.

- Damage to millions of innocent Russians
- Targeted retaliatory cyberattack
- Unpredictable escalation into global cyber WW3

A thread. 🧵
First, collateral damage.

This proposal is essentially privatized cyberwar on millions of innocent Russians. In my view, better to do targeted positive acts (offering asylum, helping dissidents) or targeted negative acts than untargeted broad attacks.
Second, retaliatory cyberattacks may ensue.

Using US tech power against millions of Russians in this way isn’t like a typical deplatforming, where it's a consequence-free act by a huge company on a powerless individual.

This is Russia. They may hit back, in nasty ways.
Third, retaliation may also not stop at cyberwar.

We have not yet seen ideologically motivated attacks on tech CEOs, but Russia has signaled its willingness to track, poison, and murder their enemies. Even in the middle of London.

Again, if you do this, go in eyes open.
Fourth, talk to your team.

I don't want to quite say that throwing your firm into the global cyberwar is like picking up a rifle and standing a post.

But it does expose your team & customers to targeted lifelong retaliation by nasty people. They should take that risk knowingly.
Fifth, the US military can't protect you against cyberattack.

After Solarwinds & OPM, it's clear the US is a sitting duck for cyber. They can't protect themselves, so they can't protect you. Thus any entity that decides to engage in privatized cyberwar does so at their own risk.
Sixth, the US military won't defray your costs.

If you decide to enter a privatized cyberwar, the US government is not going to pay for any damages you, your employees, and customers may suffer as a result.

And this kind of war can get extremely expensive.
Seventh, spiraling may ensue.

At the beginning of WW1, people didn't think about how things could escalate unpredictably. And many US tech cos are themselves vulnerable to cutoffs from China, a Russian ally.

This game has more than one move, and the enemy also gets a say.
The age of total cyberwar

I've been apprehensive about this for some time. The involvement of global firms can make a conflict spiral. The potential for this has been clear, but perhaps we can come back from the precipice.

Or at least be aware of it.
Why do I see great potential for miscalculation?

Tech companies have grown accustomed to taking consequence-free actions against individuals. Arbitrary corporate deplatforming of folks across the political spectrum is common.

A state like Russia is a totally different beast.
No one thought WW1 would spiral as it did.

A great way to internationalize the conflict is for transnational tech companies to get involved in a global, privatized cyberwar. This may not play out in a feel-good way.

At a minimum, we should game out the possible consequences.
Broad attacks may be counterproductive.

Mass cyberwar like what is proposed below may actually make Russians rally around the regime, as no distinction is being made between civilian & combatant.

See eg:
icrc.org/en/doc/assets/…

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More from @balajis

Feb 26
Start with four camps.

1) The US is not in decline

2) The US is in decline, but it can be reversed

3) The US is in decline, and it can’t be reversed

4) The US is in decline, and it can’t be reversed, but we can blunt the impact and build a new liberal order on the other side
Camp 1 are those who dispute the US is in decline.

Many people are in denial. Some get mad if you point at qualitative and quantitative evidence.

But only the paranoid survive. Denial of decline means you cannot even diagnose the cause, let alone take measures to reverse it. Image
Camp 2 believes the US has declined, but it can be reversed.

While they have *very* different visions of what that reversal means, both centrist liberals like my friend @Noahpinion and MAGA types want to see America “awake from its slumber” and start kicking butt again. Image
Read 14 tweets
Feb 21
51% democracy vs ~100% democracy

In a 51% democracy you just barely pass the bar, and then assume all will do as you say. They won't.

The ideal is actually a ~100% democracy. An opt-in society, where everyone has chosen to be there. And can leave.
Set aside the question of whether ~100% democracy is practical for a second. (The ~ indicates that 100% is an asymptotic goal, even if not fully achieved.)

Once you agree it is desirable — and morally superior if feasible — then you start thinking about whether we can build it.
The fundamental concept is that democracy is about the *consent of the governed*.

If you have only 51% support, you have the absolute minimum necessary level of consent.

It's a democratic Fosbury Flop. You just barely clear the bar.
archive.is/aP2hv#selectio…
Read 23 tweets
Feb 20
Important article by my friend @DavidSacks. He argues crypto isn't enough, politics is needed.

My counterargument is that BTC + web3 provides the crucial philosophical/technological *base* for pro-freedom advocacy.

Examples: Wyoming, Miami, El Salvador.
bariweiss.substack.com/p/a-social-cre…
That is, I agree it's not exit *only*. You can't run forever.

But exit can get you to a high ground. You can beat a tactical retreat, to a place where you can speak and act freely, demonstrate a better system, and thereby reform the old.

That's Bitcoin.
bariweiss.substack.com/p/a-social-cre…
The Harper's letter approach fails because each signatory exists wholly within the old system. They can be surrounded, forced to recant.

But technological & physical exit gets you into a new system. With financial freedom & censorship-resistance, they can't silence your voice.
Read 11 tweets
Feb 20
Thesis: the assembly line trained people for the top-down mass politics of the 1900s.

Today's workplace is network-based. With the crucial exception of China, which still builds things, any viable political ideology will scale up what people are doing on their devices.
Put another way: you don't get communism, fascism, or mid-century democratic capitalism without mass production. Top-down politics pantomimed the assembly line. Centralized states told the masses what to do.

See for example:
Today, the West has deindustrialized, while China has industrialized.

Millions of its people are still conditioned to work together en masse in factories. The scenes below are still common.

This may be why it's capable of doing things like the 1950s US, but the 2020s US is not.
Read 8 tweets
Feb 18
The US military may be weaker than many think.

This detailed post by a retired colonel reviews everything from ground forces to air defenses, and concludes that the US military is overmatched against a peer like Russia — especially in its backyard.
smallwarsjournal.com/index.php/jrnl… Image
All the observable parts of the American state are failing. That may include the military, and in more places than Afghanistan. And that means updating our mental models.
Well, it’s not the same country.

The WW2 America could make a B-24 bomber in ~60 minutes [1]. Whereas 2022 America needs 20 years to reopen a bathroom.

[1] pbs.org/kenburns/the-w…
[2] mercurynews.com/2022/02/02/bar…
Read 4 tweets
Feb 17
Three kinds of DAOs

Autonomous DAO — a group that interacts with a truly self-running smart contract with no admin keys and no CEO

Bureaucratic DAO — a mess of politics

CEO DAO — a single clear leader
Yes, I’m well aware that the A in DAO in theory already stands for “autonomous”, but today’s DAOs mostly aren’t autonomous — so the distinction is worth making.
A non-obvious point is that a single decision maker in a CEO DAO may protect user rights more reliably than the groupthink of a bureaucrat DAO.

No decision makers (autonomous) or one decision maker (CEO) can both be better than a group of decisionmakers (bureaucratic).
Read 5 tweets

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