What are #thermobaric weapons and how do they work? Guardian explainer follows fresh fears in #Ukraine: theguardian.com/world/2022/mar…

Most important: They are highly indiscriminate weapons and should never be used in populated areas. Image
In the past, Human Rights Watch has documented the use of "thermobaric" weapons, also called "vacuum bombs" or "fuel air explosives", by Russian forces in Chechnya:
hrw.org/news/2000/02/0…

Also by government forces in Syria: hrw.org/news/2013/10/0…
They are more powerful than conventional high-explosive munitions of comparable size, and they kill and injure people in a particularly brutal manner over a wide area.

They are more likely to kill and injure people trying to take cover in bunkers and shelters.
Again: They should never be used in populated areas.

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More from @astroehlein

Mar 3
Short thread on prisoners of war. Please share.

👉 Humiliating or making POWs a subject of public curiosity or ridicule is strictly prohibited by the laws of war.

#Ukraine
Although it may seem in some videos that POWs are free to speak as they wish, they are held captive by another military force, and it's almost impossible to judge from one video the conditions they face.
Also, this prohibition protects families of soldiers back in their home country who may face retaliation if it is known that their family members have been captured.
Read 5 tweets
Mar 3
38 governments have asked the International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutor to open an investigation in #Ukraine.

Quick thread... Image
On February 28, the ICC prosecutor, Karim Khan, signaled his intention to seek to open a formal inquiry.

On March 2, a group of ICC member countries referred the situation in Ukraine to the court’s prosecutor for investigation.
The referral essentially speeds things up.

With a referral to the court by ICC member countries, the prosecutor’s office can open an investigation without first seeking approval of a panel of the court’s judges.
Read 32 tweets
Mar 2
#Ukraine: Difficult to watch, this report also mentions the Russian military's warnings to Kyiv residents to leave their homes.

A few words now on such warnings in international law...
While the laws of war encourage the use of effective advance warnings of attacks to minimize civilian casualties, providing warnings does NOT make an otherwise unlawful attack lawful.
For warnings to be effective, civilians need adequate time to leave and go to a place of safety before an attack.
Read 6 tweets
Mar 1
“We’ve seen a swift and encouraging show of solidarity with Ukrainians, and we applaud the EU’s readiness to streamline access to sanctuary through the EU’s Temporary Protection Directive...” - @sunderland_jude @hrw #Ukraine

hrw.org/news/2022/03/0…
“It’s vitally important for all EU states and institutions to work to help everyone, including non-Ukrainians, reach safety, and get the care, protection, and assistance they need.”
The move to invoke the Temporary Protection Directive is positive. This would be the first time the EU has triggered it.

It would allow for streamlined, blanket protection for up to 3 years to people displaced by the war in #Ukraine & unable to return to their country of origin
Read 5 tweets
Mar 1
"Future historians will look at these last decades, by and large, much as they look at the interwar period: as an opportunity squandered."

Ivan Krastev on how appeasement of - and enabling of - dictators has failed. Again.

nytimes.com/2022/02/27/opi…
"Trade with dictators does not make your country more secure, and keeping the money of corrupt leaders in your banks does not civilize them; it corrupts you."
See also, Fiona Hill:

"Sadly, we are treading back through old historical patterns that we said that we would never permit to happen again."

politico.com/news/magazine/…
Read 5 tweets
Mar 1
My colleague @yuliagorbunova_ reports from the border with Poland on how people waiting to cross need humanitarian assistance...

Fleeing War in #Ukraine: hrw.org/news/2022/02/2… Image
#Ukraine is defending against attacking Russian forces. Ukrainian authorities are understandably in crisis mode, and their response capacities stretched very thin.

But people waiting to cross the border still need access to food, water, sanitation, and ideally warming stations.
Humanitarian assistance is urgently needed, and all efforts should be made to ensure those who can provide it are able to do so.
Read 4 tweets

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