The Catalan Company mercenaries left their mark in folklore of the Balkans because of their ferocious reputation. For example in Albanian folklore there is a man eating giant called called Katallani, after the Catalans!
But there are more examples of this. (Thread)
In the folklore of the Balkans, the associations with Catalans are always negative, as the mercenaries of the Catalan Company were very feared and raided the Byzantine lands in their vengeance after their commander Roger de Flor was betrayed and killed by the Byzantines.
Thus it's no wonder that in some Greek regions curses like "may the revenge of the Catalans fall on you" were introduced. In some remote regions a proverb "I escaped from the Turks to fall into the hands of the Catalans" was recorded.
"May I see you under the sword of a Catalan!"
This reputation of the Catalan mercenaries reached lands as far away as Bulgaria where the term "Catalan" or "son of Catalan" was used to describe an evil person!
However it was the monks of Mount Athos who held the Catalans in worst memory as the Catalan Company raided the monasteries there in 1308. Because of this Catalan people were even banned to enter Mount Athos all the way until 2005 when a symbolic reconciliation was achieved.
The story of the Catalan Company and why they achieved such brutal reputation.
They were one of the best warriors in European history.
At the time when Catalan Company conquered the Duchy of Athens they were practically leaderless after an internal power struggle.
After this conquest they finally offered the leadership of their company to... Captured knights they had just fought against! What!? I explain!
I have talked about the legendary exploits of the Catalan Company a lot. They were elite mercenaries from Aragonese lands hired by the Byzantine Emperor in 1302.
But I have not talked about their leadership problems after the death of Roger de Flor yet.
Following the immense success of the Catalan Company fighting the Turks in Anatolia, the Byzantines felt they became too powerful and turned against them, killing their commander Roger de Flor in 1305 with whom they arranged the deal to hire these mercenaries just 3 years ago.
Today 16 March is the anniversary of the final fall of the Cathar fortress of Montségur in 1244. After an exhausting 10 months long siege the Cathar garrison surrendered to the Catholic French besiegers! Those Cathars who didn't denounce their faith were burned at the stake!
Cathars were a heretical Christian movement that became widespread in the early 13th century southern France. A crusade was called against them which also had political motives of removing the local Catholic Occitan nobility which was accused of protecting Cathars.
Montségur was one of the imposing castles where the Cathars and their sympathizers took refuge from persecution. This included the men who took part in Avignonet massacre in 1242 where Cathars killed a group of inquisitors. The French were determined to punish them!
15 March is also the anniversary of the Battle of Halmyros in 1311 where the Duchy of Athens was contested between two Catholic forces! The mercenary Catalan Company won a decisive victory over the crusader knights led by Walter of Brienne and took control of the Duchy!
This battle was very important for the history of the crusader states established in Greek lands after the conquest of Constantinople in 1204. Even after the demise of the Latin Empire few crusader states like the Duchy of Athens still remained.
The Catalan Company had long been achieving great victories in this part of the world. Hired by the Byzantine emperor to fight off the Turks, the Byzantines eventually turned on them but the Catalans defeated them as well and pillaged the lands.
Today 15 march is the anniversary of the battle of Merseburg where King Henry the Fowler of East Francia defeated the Magyars in 933. The attack of the German heavy cavalry routed the Magyar forces and secured an important victory!
The nomadic Magyars had achieved much success in 10th century, destroying Great Moravia and defeated the Bavarians at the Battle of Pressburg in 907. FInally, they defeated King Henry in Saxony in 924 and forcing him to pay tribute for nine years.
King Henry spent the time wisely fortifying and expanding his lands as well as levying peasants for garrison duty and rotating them so that his forts would be manned all the time. In 932 he stopped paying tribute for which he got the support of the church at the Synod of Erfurt.
Today 14 March is anniversary of the Battle of Ivry fought in 1590 during the French Wars of Religion. French King Henry IV defeated the Catholic League. The King demonstrated his courage by personally leading the crucial cavalry charge!
A year before, the new Protestant French King Henry IV had been successfully campaigning against the Catholic League in Normandy and had defeated the League's army led by Duke of Mayenne at Arques near Dieppe.
In early 1590 the two armies would meet again as King Henry IV was endangering the Catholic League stronghold Paris and Mayenne had to react. The battle would take place at Ivry.