Mast cell–derived mediators tend to affect layers superficial to subcutaneous tissue, including the dermal-epidermal junction. These mediators cause urticaria & pruritus.
In bradykinin-mediated angioedema, the dermis is usually spared, so urticaria & pruritus are absent.
Most ID guidelines are based- either expert opinions or evidence-based medicine. Historically, duration of ABX Rx were based on arbitrary extension of days(magic numbers like 7, 10 & 14 days) rather than on reliable evidence with the main aim to ⬇️ failures & avoid underRx.
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There is growing evidence to support for shorter courses. It is important for prescribers to be up to date with best practices. Duration of therapy plays a pivotal role in antimicrobial stewardship programme within the global effort to optimize antibiotic use &⬇️resistance.
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4-chloro-N-(2-furyl-methyl)-5-sulfamoyl-anthranilic acid, member of the sulfa’s. Potent natriuretic drug, inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
Direct Vd effects results in its therapeutic effectiveness in the Rx of acute pulm edema.
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Vasodilation leads to reduced responsiveness to vasoconstrictors, such as angiotensin II and noradrenaline, and decreased production of endogenous natriuretic hormones with vasoconstricting properties.
The genus Pseudomonas >140 species,> saprophytic & >25 species are associated with humans. Most known to cause disease in humans are associated with opportunistic infections.
⬆️ MR : ⬇️ host defenses, resistance to ABX & production of extracellular enzymes & toxins.
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Often found in water in sinks & can contaminate respiratory equipment, which can serve as an environmental reservoir, especially in ICUs. Is the most serious pathogen causing ventilator-associated pneumonia & remains the most important pathogen in patients with CF.
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Ischemic penumbra:
The part of an Ac ischemic stroke that is at risk of progressing to infarction but is still salvageable if reperfused. Located around an infarct core which represents the tissue which has already infarcted or is going to infarct regardless of reperfusion.
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In this small cohort, the penumbra system was able to revascularize the site of primary occlusion in all of the treated subjects enrolled into the study, resulting in a revascularization rate of 100%.
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Saving the penumbra is the goal of acute ischaemic stroke therapy. Reperfusing the brain before infarct growth is completed will salvage the residual penumbra and reduce final infarct size.