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🔴 tohmes Profile picture
@tohmes1
Apr 22, 2022 • 5 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
prior infection isn't immunity,
it's a preexisting condition.

CoV damages ACE2 organs & immune system. It persists.

With ORF6 it suppresses immune response (by downregulating MHC1 & INFN)

With ORF8 it triggers T cell wear&tear.
(anergy, autoimmunity, less clearance, cancer)
concerning SARS-CoV-2 & #ORF6:
concerning SARS-CoV-2 & #ORF8:
concerning SARS-CoV-2 & #cancer:
concerning SARS-CoV-2 & #persistence:

one example: persistence in the gut

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More from @tohmes1

🔴 tohmes Profile picture
Nov 14, 2023
1/23 SARS-CoV-2 & cancer causing viruses

Viruses have been demonstrated to be the causative agents of approximately 10%–15% of all cancers worldwide.

Is enough known about SC2 to officially classify it as carcinogenic?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
2/23 SARS-CoV-2 & cancer papers

there are many dozens of papers & case studies concerning SC2 as potentially cancer causing, but SC2 has not yet been officially classified as carcinogenic
3/23 even for carcinogenic viruses (CV), an infection does not always lead to cancer

cancer prevalence amoung infections:
HPV : 0.3-1.2%
Hep. B : 0.05%
HCV : < 1%/year
HTLV-I : 2-4%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
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Read 23 tweets
🔴 tohmes Profile picture
Nov 14, 2023
1/12 SARS-CoV-2 & avoiding immune destruction

There are at least seven reported strategies, which are utilized by SARS-CoV-2 for immune evasion.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
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2/12 SARS-CoV-2 & avoiding immune destruction

In addition to immune evasion, SC2 infected cells can avoid distruction by preventing proper function of immune system (IS) cells &/or infecting IS cells. Cells such as: CD4 & CD8 T cells, neurophils, monocytes, macrophages, NK cells
3/12 SARS-CoV-2 & avoiding immune destruction

SC2 infects CD4+ T cells ("helper T cells")
Read 12 tweets
🔴 tohmes Profile picture
Nov 14, 2023
1/35 SARS-CoV-2 & telomeres (T)

🧵 showing various aspects of SC2 & telomeres

* telomere shortening & the age acceleration effect
* infection of cells w/ upregulated telomerase
* downregulation of TRF2, leading to excessive loss of telomeric DNA
* ultimately: cancer
2/35 Telomeres (1)
A brief intro. T protect chromosomal DNA terminal regions from progressive degradation & ensure linear chromosome integrity by preventing DNA repair systems from mistaking the very ends of DNA strands for a double-strand breaks.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere
3/35 Telomeres (2)
T "cap" end-sequences & are progressively degraded in the DNA replication process. Thus w/ each cell split T length (TL) shortens.
For most human cells there is an inverse correlation between TL & biological age. See also: Hayflick limit
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayflick_…

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Read 36 tweets
🔴 tohmes Profile picture
Nov 4, 2023
1/2 SARS-CoV-2, frequent reexposure & oral cavity (OC)

OC is a site of replication & reservoir formation.

Even if one is immune to a variant, the antibodies are in the blood. Not in saliva & mucus.

IgA immune recall in mucus requires 1-3 days (B cells).
link.springer.com/article/10.100…
2/2 SARS-CoV-2, frequent reexposure & oral cavity

Saliva & mucus have high turnover, thus igA from prev contact will likely not be present & has to be immune recalled by B cells.

All the while SC2 is actively infecting oral cavity cells.
nature.com/articles/s4136…

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Oral manifestations: ulcer, erosion, bulla, vesicle, pustule, fissured or depapillated tongue, macule, papule, plaque, … halitosis, … hemorrhagic crust, necrosis, petechiae, swelling, erythema & bleeding …

Sites:
tongue 38%
labial mucosa 26%
palate 22%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
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Read 4 tweets
🔴 tohmes Profile picture
Sep 25, 2023
1/14 SARS-CoV-2 & GI tract persistence

A collection of papers concerning GI tract persistence.

In many case nasal & throat swabs will be negative
& GI samples or anal/stool swabs are positive weeks to months after infection

It is misleading to only rely on nasal & throat swabs
2/14 SARS-CoV-2 & GI tract persistence
+70% of +ve retest patients had viral RNA in their anal swabs at 2nd admission. SC2 RNA was 2x more often detected in anal swabs than in throat. Results show SC2 was mainly detected in GI tract in +ve retest patients
nature.com/articles/s4142…
3/14 SARS-CoV-2 & GI tract persistence
data suggest the possibility of extended duration of viral shedding in faeces, for nearly 5 weeks after the patients' respiratory samples tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
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Read 14 tweets
🔴 tohmes Profile picture
Jun 7, 2023
SARS-CoV-2 in infected cells:
"Overall findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 both induces DNA damage & impairs its repair"

seems this can be a #cancer accelerator & overwhelm the immune system w/ (pre)cancerous cells

combine that w/ v likely SC2 persistence
nature.com/articles/s4155…
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an older 🧵 concerning SARS-CoV-2 & cancer:
SARS-CoV-2, persistence & suppression of cell internal clearing-signals

results showed that SC2 infected cells had high expression of pre-apoptosis pathways, but low expression of final IFN-α. Consistent w/ SC2 subverting IFN signaling in infected cells
journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mb…
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Read 21 tweets

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