1) The first quarter (23%) is a no brainer: Costs of low and zero-carbon techs to reach net zero are lower than the reference tech. This is mainly energy (think #renewables) and transport (think #EVs).
2) Roughly half of the required mitigation to reach net zero has costs below the median internal carbon price of European companies, which use a carbon price (see @McKinseymckinsey.com/business-funct…).
3) Roughly three quarter of the required mitigation to reach net zero has costs below the current European carbon price.
4) This means that policy instruments are in place but they need to be implemented stringently and their scope needs to cover what actually matters - too often carbon prices do not apply in high-emission sectors where they are most needed.
5) We now need bold policy action - beyond carbon pricing - to implement the existing solutions. There are plenty of them.