Really important question below: why would you even design a T-72 so that the crew literally has to sit on top of hundreds of kilos of highly explosive ammunition and propellant? /1
@clmazin answered this by analogy in his brilliant script for #Chernobyl. In the (fictional) courtroom scene in the final episode, Soviet nuclear scientist Valeriy Legasov explains why Chernobyl was effectively rigged to explode: /2
"It's cheaper". That's the answer to the T-72's design flaws. It's much smaller and lighter than the US M1A1 Abrams or similar British and German tanks. But it costs a fraction of their price, at the cost of crew safety. /3
I think we often forget how much poorer Russia (and the USSR before it) is than the West. Millions of Russians still live in abject poverty, without clean water, indoor sanitation or paved roads - much as their great-grandparents did 100 years ago./4
Russia and the USSR have sought to compete with the West by making cheaper and less safe weapons because they didn't have the means to compete on quality. Unfortunately for thousands of Russian soldiers, that philosophy is now costing them their lives. /end
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If there's one thing that's become a signature of the war in Ukraine, it's the flying tank turret - a problem for both sides, as their Soviet-era tanks have the same flawed designs. But has the wrong suspect been fingered as the murderer? A CSI: UA thread. / 1
The physics of an exploding T-72 tank are straightforward. An impacting anti-tank missile such as a Javelin, NLAW or RPG-29 causes heat, blast and fragmentation inside the tank. This sets alight explosive material on board, as well as the tank's fuel. /2
The sudden massive increase in pressure causes the turret to blow off in a so-called "jack-in-the-box" effect, which can propel it tens of metres off its turret ring. Extreme explosions like the one at the top of this thread can demolish the entire tank. /3
Video of an apparent Ukrainian attack on a Russian tank on 6 May is getting much attention for the turret's attempt to go to the Moon. It should be getting a lot more attention, though, for where it happened and what this means for Russia. A short 🧵. /1
This attack wouldn't have been particularly remarkable if it had taken place on the front lines. It didn't. The site of the attack has been geolocated to near Novoazovsk, a town deep in the separatist "Donetsk People's Republic". /2
The town has been under Russia/separatist control since 27 August 2014, when it was the scene of fighting (pictured below) during an attempted advance on Mariupol. It's 100 km inside separatist territory, and only 13 km from the Russian border. /3
As Ukraine and Russia both commemorate 9 May, Victory Day - in very different ways this year - it seems fitting to commemorate a Ukrainian soldier whose biggest contribution in World War II was saving thousands of lives, rather than taking them. /1
Born on 28 September 1918 in Komarivka, a village 65 km south-east of Chernihiv, Ivan Ustinovich Kharchenko had a tragic childhood: his father died in 1933 during Stalin's man-made famine, the Holodomor, and his mother and brother relocated to Moscow. /2
The young Ivan became a carpenter at an aircraft factory before being drafted into the Red Army's civil defence forces, serving in Zaporizhzhia in the three years leading up to the outbreak of the war. /3
Today everyone seems to be talking about this video of an Mi-8 helicopter being destroyed on Ukraine's Snake Island by a loitering Bayraktar TB-2. A short 🧵 on what the Russians' behaviour on this video tells us about the situation there. /1
At least 8 Russians can be seen on the ground in this video. The Mi-8 has 3 crew and can carry up to 24 passengers, so I think we can safely assume at least 11 Russians were involved here - quite possibly more. /2
According to a claimed Wagner (mercenary group) channel, the Russians were a "special forces evacuation group". This is quite believable. Ukraine has been attacking the island heavily. /3
Yesterday, Russia launched a shelling attack on Kharkiv's Gorky Park, reportedly causing severe damage. Why is this significant and what was the point of an attack on a civilian leisure site with no military importance? An explanatory 🧵 follows. /1
First, was it deliberately targeted? I don't think there can be any doubt about this. Footage shows the attack was widespread and sustained. The park is big - 130 hectares (1.2 km2 / 0.5 sq mi). That's much too large for it to be hit accidentally. /2
It's also near the city centre, a long way from any front lines or any sites of military significance. The attack appears to have been carried out using 152mm howitzers, which are relatively accurate. So I don't think there can be any doubt that it was deliberately attacked. /3
Footage from Mariinka in eastern Ukraine shows an incendiary attack today by Russia against this town of 10,000 people. Although it's being described as a phosphorus attack, it's actually something a lot worse and yet another war crime. A 🧵 to explain. /1
This is not phosphorus; it's thermite, a pyrotechnic composition of metal powder and metal oxide. It burns at up to 3,500°C. It can't be smothered and can't easily be extinguished by water - it can even be used for underwater welding. It can ignite in any environment. /2
It's been used in incendiary bombs since WW2. The Germans pioneered its use against British cities such as Coventry, while the Allies used thermite bombs to raze cities in Germany and Japan (Braunschweig pictured here), killing hundreds of thousands. /3