Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez Profile picture
May 21, 2022 23 tweets 13 min read Read on X
1/ Ventilation levels around Colorado, USA.

I'll start reporting what I find in different places I happen to visit.

Here @shakeshack restaurant in Boulder, 950 ppm CO2, not good, esp. since lots of people and not one mask to be seen.

#CovidCO2 #ventilation Image
2/ At the hardware store @McGuckins

765 ppm, not bad. About 1/3 of people with masks. Image
3/ At the sports equipment store, @REI in Boulder.

1184 ppm. Too high. 1/4 of the customers and 1/2 of the employees with masks. Image
4/ At the supermarket, Trader Joes on Boulder (which fired an employee at another store a year ago for asking them to improve ventilation).

Good ventilation this time, 663 ppm. Few masks. Image
5/ At another supermarket in Boulder, @worldmarket Cost Plus.

718 ppm, not bad. 1/4 masked. Image
6/ At @bfly_pavilion in Westminster, Colorado, small zoo of invertebrates for kids (highly recommended!).

623 ppm in tropical butterfly exhibit, good. ~10% masking. Image
7/ At the playground in @B_flyPavilion invertebrate zoo, Westminster

904 ppm, a bit too high, given screaming kids (much higher aerosol emissions) and few masks. Image
8/ Back at @REI sports store in Boulder. Same as yesterday, too high despite very high ceilings. Image
9/ @Safeway supermarket at Iris.

Huge building, quite a few ppl, 10% masked, good ventilation Image
10/ Denver International Airport @DENAirport, bathroom immediately outside arrivals. Lightly occupied, few masks. Too high.

(And I was hearing some "aerosol generating procedures" going on in some of the stalls) Image
11/ Denver International Airport @DENAirport terminal.

Few masks. Not bad, could be better if ventilation is the only layer of protection we are relying on.

#covidCO2 Image
12/ @DenverArtMuseum, good ventilation.

#covidCO2 Image
13/ @DinosaurRidgeCO visitor center. Some masks. 1133 ppm CO2. Not enough ventilation.

#CovidCO2 Image
14/ Denver Museum of Nature and Science @DenverMuseumNS.

Lunch area, not bad, 616 ppm

#covidCO2 Image
15/ @kumandgo gas /charging station in Monument, CO. Medium occupancy, no masks other than us. Good ventilation (611 ppm), much better than other gas stations we've been to.

#covidCO2 Image
16/ Chemistry building at the University of Colorado at Boulder @CUBoulder.

There are no classes right now, and the building is very well ventilated due to the work with chemicals. Very good. Image
17/ @hmartofficial Hmart Asian supermarket in Westminster. Few masks.

Too high CO2, above 1000 ppm consistently.

#CovidCO2 #COVIDisAirborne Image
18/ Orthodontist office in Boulder.

A couple of HEPA filters (too small for the rooms they were in), one off, one in a low setting. So basically decorations.

Few masks, mostly inadequate (surgical). Insufficient ventilation.

#covidCO2 Image
20/ Periodontist office on Boulder, Col.

Few undersized HEPA filters that were on the lowest setting (mainly decoration), I put on max. Most ppl w/o masks. Dr. had surgical mask, put on KN95 upon my request. Poor ventilation up to 1800 ppm, opened window upon request

#covidCO2 Image
21/ @gelato_boy ice cream store in Boulder. Staff and 95% of customers unmasked.

Door open, but still poor ventilation. Image
22/ At the Butterfly Pavilion @B_flyPavilion.

Unfortunately poor ventilation. 4% of the air we are everything has already been in someone else's lungs.

Few masks (maybe 5-10%). Image
23/ Back at @B_flyPavilion a month later.

Less ppl than last time. Ventilation just as bad. Few masks. Image
24/ @cava restaurant in Boulder.

1/3 full, few masks. We are dining outdoors.

Good ventilation. Image

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More from @jljcolorado

Apr 18
1/ @WHO has published a report on updated terminology for disease transmission

I've seen some debate about it. My take:

- Terminology itself is ok. Big progress
- But no recommendations of how to protect!

Report:

Press release: who.int/publications/m…
who.int/news/item/18-0…
2/ The report was likely the result of intense pressure on @WHO during the pandemic:

- They denied that #COVIDIsAirborne on March 2020
- They finally accepted it 2 years later

nature.com/articles/d4158…
@WHO 3/ To their credit, @WHO did invite some of their critics to be part of the committee.

What was the terminology before. In medical circles:

- droplet transmission: if it happened in close proximity, or if particles were > 5 microns

- airborne transmission: if it happened far
Read 34 tweets
Mar 28
1/ New paper in @ScienceMagazine: "Mandating Indoor Air Quality for Public Buildings"

Explaining current status of indoor air quality standards (in short: bad or non-existent), the huge health benefits that would arise from them & proposing a path forward
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
Image
2/ "People living in urban & industrialized societies, which are expanding globally, spend more than 90% of time indoors, breathing indoor air (IA)."

"Most countries do NOT have legislated indoor air quality (IAQ) performance standards for public spaces"

science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
3/ "Few building codes address operation, maintenance, and retrofitting, and most do NOT focus on airborne disease transmission."

"We propose that Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) standards be mandatory for public spaces"

science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
Read 14 tweets
Oct 4, 2023
1/ Checking the ventilation by measuring CO2 as I travel to the #AAAR2023 conference

@RideRTD bus to Denver airport. Bus route had started 3 min before I got in, already 1500 ppm

Typical of these @RideRTD buses, poor ventilation Image
2/ Not getting any better as time passes in the @rideRTD bus to the airport...

7% of the air is being re-breathed, it has already been in someone else lungs when each of us breathe it. Image
@RideRTD 3/ Given the often poor-to-mediocre ventilation in US transportation systems, I wear N95 masks (not KN95, less good)

In this case @3M VFlex, which I tested at 99.99% filtration for myself

It also stays sealed when I talk, doesn't distort my speech (& add to my Spanish accent) Image
Read 14 tweets
Oct 2, 2023
1/ Video de mi presentación sobre "Transmisión de enfermedades por el aire: cómo funciona, por qué se malentendió, y cómo reducirla"

como parte de la presentación del libro de ventilación de @aireamos

2/ Las diapositivas se pueden bajar de este enlace.

(Son de una charla más larga así que tienen más detalles, pero están todas las de la presentación de @Aireamos)

drive.google.com/file/d/1Bs0RRG…
@aireamos 3/ Miguel Ángel Campano @MA_Campano y @Aireamos han sido los motores del libro de ventilación:

Read 4 tweets
Sep 1, 2023
1/ Measuring CO2 indoors in a 10 day trip from US to Europe & back

Bus @RideRTD to Denver airport, poorly ventilated as usual.

We have not left town yet! In previous trips it kept increasing, we'll see this time. Image
2/ For background on what CO2 indoors indicates and more details, see

TLDR:
- We exhale 40000 ppm CO2
- Outdoors: 420
- Each 400 extra ppm indoors = 1% extra rebreathed air
- CO2 makes us dumber, indicator of virus & pollutants. Does not capture filteringdocs.google.com/document/d/e/2…
3/ Or by reducing recirculation. Some recirculation is ok if well-filtered, saves energy.

Energy-recovery ventilators allow ventilating well with limited energy use.

Read 18 tweets
Aug 17, 2023
1/ Webinar from @PsrColorado on mixing hydrogen (H2) with fossil (aka "natural") gas

- NOT a good idea
- Subsidized by Inflation Reduction Act in US

- Creates problems, but less at the point of combustion, more elsewhere Image
2/ "Brown hydrogen" is made from coal

HUGE CO2 emissions, unacceptable Image
3/ "Gray hydrogen" is made from fossil ("natural") gas

- Leaks of NG (methane) lead to warming
- Making H2 from NG generates CO2, more warming

BAD idea Image
Read 20 tweets

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