Ouroboros is the consensus protocol for #Cardano, the first provably secure proof-of-stake protocol, and the first blockchain protocol based on peer-reviewed research.
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Combining unique technology and mathematically verified processes, Ouroboros guarantees and supports the security and sustainability of any blockchain implementing it.
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The result is a protocol with proven security guarantees, able to facilitate the propagation of global, permissionless networks with minimal energy requirements.
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In this thread, we look at the different ‘flavors’ of Ouroboros and how it continues to evolve over time.
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🤔But first, why is it called Ouroboros and how is it different from other consensus protocols out there?
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Ouroboros comes in different versions. It all began with Ouroboros Classic 🌿deployed on Cardano in 2017. This laid the foundations.
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Ouroboros BFT came next. Deployed on #Cardano in May 2020, it helped prepare Cardano’s network for Shelley’s release and, with that, its decentralization. BFT served as a transition point from Classic to Praos.
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Ouroboros Praos was deployed on Cardano in 2020 introducing decentralized block production, stake pools support, incentives 🍬 and enhanced security properties 🛡️
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The next evolutionary step in our journey is the deployment of Ouroboros Genesis. Development is currently in progress for #Cardano deployment in 2022.
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Ouroboros Crypsinous equips Genesis with privacy-preserving properties🔐 Crypsinous isn’t currently planned to be implemented on Cardano, but it can be used by other chains for increased privacy settings.
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⌛The research in the Chronos paper demonstrates how you can dramatically boost the resilience of critical telecommunications, transport & other IT infrastructures that require the synchronization of local time to a unified network clock that has no single point of failure
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Finally, Ouroboros Leios puts forth the concept of input endorsers. It implements a number of related accompanying innovations to optimize the throughput of the consensus protocol.
The age of Voltaire brings on-chain governance to Cardano! The community, along with DReps, SPOs, and committees, are now stewards for Cardano's development, guided by the constitution.
Informed and active participation is key to shaping Cardano's future. Discover 10 useful resources that help drive transparent and inclusive governance! 🧵
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A New Dawn
A curated hub highlighting Cardano governance. A New Dawn offers educational content on delegation, participation, and viewing proposed enhancements while spotlighting ecosystem builders.
A platform for budget reconciliation polling, Ekklesia helps DReps support treasury proposals. It has been key to the 2025 budgeting process, encouraging early, transparent coordination.
Cardano's EUTXO model brings determinism and predictability to blockchain! It builds on Bitcoin's UTXO but enhances it for smart contracts and complex apps without sacrificing security or simplicity.
So what does it mean?
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@IOHK_Charles says EUTXO is ‘hand-in-glove built for isomorphism between the off-chain and on-chain.’
Essentially, equality between the two. This means what you see off-chain is what happens on-chain.
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A Bitcoin wallet is like a jar holding coins (UTXOs). To spend $30, you'd use a $50 coin and get $20 change – a new UTXO. Cardano extends this by adding data and logic, creating more versatile UTXOs beyond simple value storage.
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Cardano's sustainable future and competitiveness depends on research & innovation.
Today, Input | Output Research submitted its 'Cardano Vision - Work Program 2025' proposal to fund the foundational work required for long-term growth.
All aimed at scalability, sustainability & interoperability and defined through an evidence-based approach.
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Execution will be led by the Input | Output Research team, the leading blockchain research network worldwide including more than 14 universities, who have published over 200 peer-reviewed papers involving more than 150 researchers.
This continues the foundational research that built Cardano.
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📢 Yesterday, November 25, 2024, the IO Research team successfully tested Halo2 verification in Plutus on the Mainnet network. 💪🧵
IO Research ran the verification of a Halo2 ZK proof for the Ad-hoc Threshold Multi-Signatures scheme (ATMS) checking 50 out of 90 signatures. You can see the transactions here.
The first tx locks the funds, the second unlocks the funds upon verification of a Halo2 proof for ATMS signature 50 out of 90. The locking tx costs 0.16 ADA fee, the unlocking tx (Halo2 verification) 2.03 ADA fee which is reasonably low.
⭐ OUT NOW: Daedalus 6.0.1 for mainnet, preprod & preview.
The Daedalus 6.0.1 release upgrades to node 9.1.1 to fix the ledger replay issue in the Conway era. This update ensures that nodes no longer replay from genesis but instead replay as expected.
⚠️It is mandatory for all #Daedalus users to upgrade to this version. 1/🧵
⚠️Note that if you have already experienced this issue, your Daedalus will likely replay the ledger state from genesis (0%), so you may see longer synchronization times.
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Existing users will get a prompt to update via the Daedalus newsfeed. If you are new to #Daedalus and would like to download this new release, download it ONLY from the official site: 3/ 🧵daedaluswallet.io/en/download/