The situation at #Ukraine's #Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant has gotten more volatile in recent days, with both sides in the conflict pushing the envelope of what they do at the site and even some shelling. I'm catching up, but here's what I know about it:
Since its occupation on 3 March the site has been in a very uneasy mode of operation with Russian forces controlling the site while Ukrainian technicians conduct operation under constant close scrutiny. It wasn't pretty but it was stable.
Recently Russia began stationing weapons around the site. Forces see it as a safe place from which to fire across the Dnipro River at Nikopol, while Ukrainians won't dare fire back. However, Ukraine has used small drones for targeted strikes on military kit on the plant grounds.
Things got worse with three episodes of shelling on #Zaporizhzhia from Friday, for which both sides blame each other. A power line, a diesel generator and a nitrogen-oxygen station were damaged.
Important: Radiation levels remain normal and there is no accident in progress.
Today, the board of the Ukrainian nuclear safety regulator decided #Zaporizhzhia should be shut down and directed the licensing committee to amend/terminate the operating licenses of units 1 and 2. I believe the other 4 reactors at the site were fully shut down before occupation.
At the same time, concerns have been raised by a comment attributed to Russian Major General Valery Vasilyev. Energoatom said he told them plant has been mined and he would prefer to damage it than hand it back. Serious threat or rhetoric?
How serious is Russian general Vasilyev about damaging the #Zaporizhzhia plant if he is ordered to? I guess nobody but he and Putin can say.
But I do know that there are no circumstances whatsoever that these power plant reactors could be made to explode like a nuclear bomb.
Here's a link to a previous thread on how the design of plants like #Zaporizhzhia means they are no soft targets and there's no easy way for a 'stray missile' to trigger an accident or cause another release of radiation.
In the meantime the International Atomic Energy Agency has been trying to visit the plant to assess the situation and support repairs. Its head, Rafael Mariano Grossi, thinks the presence of UN experts there would deter more malevolence. iaea.org/newscenter/pre…
In recent weeks Ukraine had been resisting the idea of an IAEA mission to Zaporizhzhia, saying it would legitimise Russia's presence there. It seems the evolved situation has changed Ukraine's mind and it is now reportedly calling for the mission.
That's the shape of it as far s I can see. I'll update this thread as I get more information.
The Institute for the Study of War considers the reported threat to damage #Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant to be based on unreliable reporting and 'likely false'.
In March, Ukraine's electricity grid was synchonised with the main European grid, ENSTSO-E, so that other countries could help Ukraine keep the lights on during the war.
Electricity will flow from today, but it will go THE OTHER WAY with Ukraine alleviating shortages in the EU.
Ukrainian energy minister Herman Halushchenko said exports would start at 100 MW as ENTSO-E assesses the grid stability impact of that. But Ukraine could supply 1690 MW and, with technical upgrades, as much as 5000 MW.
It should a big help for other European countries to have more supply. And it should work well because timezones mean Ukraine's peak domestic demand will be 1-2 hours different to other countries'. It's also fairly clean, being about half from nuclear plants.
See here some previous tweets on why I (and others) think Acute Radiation Syndrome is unlikely, but that doing this is definitely 'not good' and could have health effects in the long term.
Some collected thoughts on what's going on with Russian troops in the #Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and whether they have gotten themselves sick 🧵
(Spoiler: No)
Earlier today the idea that Russian troops around #Chernobyl had developed Acute Radiation Sickness was going viral. I did this thread to explain why that struck me as highly unlikely.
There have been a lot of questions about nuclear issues in Ukraine since the war began. Here's a thread of my explanations if anyone wants to catch up.
[These are offered as what I put out at the time. I don't promise they are 100% complete or up to date.]
3 March
A run-down of nuclear power plant construction and essential safety systems in the context of troops approaching Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant
This story is going round, but I think it is unlikely that Russian soldiers developed Acute Radiation Syndrome while messing around in the #Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. I'll explain my thinking in a short 🧵
Acute Radiation Syndrome is a very rare thing caused by a super-intense dose of radiation to the whole body.
It happened to some plant operators and firefighters during the #Chernobyl accident in 1986, but I'm doubtful it happened to Russian troops in 2022 for three reasons:
1. The most intense radiation comes from nuclear material with a short half-life – decaying fast and giving off all its radiation in a hurry. We're talking seconds, minutes and hours. More than 35 years after the accident, that stuff is gone.
Hongyanhe is a big nuclear power plant in northwestern China. It has five reactors that have been built since 2009, while the sixth will start up in the next few months.
Connecting it to the regional district heating system will take warmth from the reactors to Hongyanhe Town, Wafangdian City and Dalian City. Work on the connection will start in June, in time to heat the towns next winter. Dalian looks pretty cool.