Thread by @organichemusic

NEW STUDY‼️ plus BONUS info🧵
Nattokinase degrades spike protein in SARS-CoV-2

Add this to the list of NK benefits in #LongCovid:
⬇️platelet aggregation✅
⬇️von Willebrand factor✅
anticoagulant✅
fibrinolytic (degrades clots) ✅
neuroprotective✅

mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/1…

Study found that nattokinase degraded S protein in vitro via time-dependent inhibition at concentrations as low as 1 µg/mL (this is promising!). Check out annotated screenshots. Viral inhibition took place after 60-180 minutes.

What's the half-life & Cmax of NK in humans? One pilot study revealed limited info with no concentration/time graph😢 but noted Cmax was observed after 13.3 ± 2.5 hrs✅

I would love to know if & how long NK concentration stays above 1 µg/mL humans.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23709455/

This study follows another in vitro study that also found SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) was degraded when incubated with natto extract (Okame Natto w/ S-903 Natto). (Of note, the study was funded by the company who manufactures this natto.)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Both studies suggest protease activity of nattokinase plays a central role in breaking down viral proteins including the spike. Use of a protease inhibitor confirmed this hypothesis.

A major caveat is that NK breaks down LOTS of proteins and isn't specific to the spike.🧐

Now for some interesting BONUS info on nattokinase🥳

Months ago I posted an introductory thread on NK & LK. Since then I have accessed more studies and found more information. I'd like to provide clarification & add some additional info below.⬇️

1. In June I speculated that due to its greater potency, lumbrokinase may have higher risk of bleeding than nattokinase.

Major caveat: It depends on the brand of LK.

For example, NK probably has higher risk of bleeding than Boluoke (well-tested brand of lumbrokinase).

Why?

Several studies have shown NK ⬆️ time to clot (aPTT) & inhibits at least one & maybe more coagulation factors (fVIII). This suggests that NK exhibits anticoagulant activity.

OTOH, Boluoke did NOT prolong aPTT & likely does not inhibit clotting proteins.
pubs.rsc.org/en/content/art…

2. Several studies found that enzyme activity of nattokinase was reduced in simulated gastric juice, but PRESERVED with enteric coating.

Acid-resistant coating should prevent dissolution in the stomach so that NK may be absorbed in the more basic conditions of the intestine.💊

Some brands of nattokinase with adequate coatings:

1) Solaray's NK 3000 FU/SP 60,000 SPU (EC)
2) BioAbsorb NK (DR)
3) Doctor's Best, Natto-Serra (DR)
4) Arthur Andrew's Neprinol* (phthalate-free acid resistant)
*Per company, this contains a whopping 15,000 FU of NK per cap

Don't make mistake I made & assume that since Arthur Andrew's Neprinol (NK, SP, bromelain et al) includes a good acid-resistant coating, the same could be said for its solo nattokinase. I took one dose today and got horrible nausea for hours. Double-checked bottle, no coating😩

3. Some have asked me if it's okay to take nattokinase with other anticoagulants and I advised against it due to lack of data.

HOWEVER, this 2021 study examines safety & efficacy in nattokinase plus injectable anticoagulants in pts w/ vascular disease.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Primary endpoint: statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) of clinical symptoms in pts 30 days after the beginning of nattokinase administration (2000 FU once daily) ✅

Secondary endpoint: absence of adverse drug reactions or drug interactions in patients treated with NK✅

Both endpoints were achieved.

No adverse drug reactions reported. ✅
No drug interactions b/t NK + Lovenox (LMWH) or NK + fondaparinux reported. ✅

Disclaimer: Keep in mind these patients were being carefully evaluated by healthcare professionals. Do not combine on your own.

4. Nattokinase and heparin

This study concluded that adding nattokinase to heparin allows a dose reduction of heparin, thereby IMPROVING overall safety and efficacy.

Tl;dr
1) Nattokinase inhibits the SARS2 spike protein in vitro
2) NK shows not only fibrinolytic but also anticoag activity which may ⬆️ bleeding risk or improve outcomes
3) NK may work better w/ acid-resistant coating
4) Interesting studies w/ NK & injectable anticoagulants