Eduardo R Argaiz Profile picture
Sep 17 4 tweets 4 min read
Pt seen in ambulatory clinic with worsening kidney function

While the patient is sitting down (90 degrees), you notice neck pulsations!

Are they arterial or venous??

1/4 🧵
It is single peak (but not sharp)

The most striking feature is the inward movement

The breath of movement is diffuse

These are signs of venous pulsations!

Very helpful table from @AndreMansoor 👇



2/4
Thankfully we have #POCUS in clinic! I believe #POCUS can really help you improve your classic physical exam skills as it gives you immediate feedback!

Quick #VExUS reveals plethoric IVC, reverse S wave on Hepatic Vein, >100% portal vein pulsatility and mono-phasic IRVD!

3/4
This patient has severe TR with severe congestion. This explains why JV waveform has a single peak rather than double (CV fusion 2/2 TR)

#POCUS is no replacement for physical exam, but it certainly enhances it! #VExUS gives you quantitative data as well!

/END

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More from @ArgaizR

Aug 20
Young pt ➡️ 🏥 worsening shortness of breath

PMH: ESRD. Only 1 HD session/week. However, residual urine volume has now decreased substantially

On exam: BP 134/94, 2L O2,🧠✅, elevated JVP, decreased 🫁 sounds at bases, No murmurs, very mild edema. Functional left BC AVF

1/13
Careful examination of neck veins reveals no pulsations, even with pt sitting up 🤔

What could explain the absence of venous pulse? 2/13
Answer is all of the above. JVP examination can be complicated in pts with ESRD.

In the absence of pulsations, I find #POCUS much helpful. Let's enhance our physical examination of congestion:

3/13
Read 13 tweets
Jul 10
#AKIConsultSeries Middle-aged male ➡️🏥 for painful knee and fever. Now in shock 🚨

📂Chart review: PMH EtOH Cirrhosis, right knee arthroplasty.

It is always a good practice review previous PACS images🩻: Nodular liver, colateral vessels and prosthetic right knee

1/11
On exam: BP 72/48, HR 82, O2Sat 95%.
CRT 7 sec, 🧠somnolent, confused. No edema, no obvious ascites.

Warm, swollen and erythematous knee: Tap with obvious purulent fluid🧫

Cr 2.8 mg/dl (baseline 0.5), K 6.7, Urine 🔬: hyaline casts, some urothelial cells

2/11
Loos like hemodynamic AKI (AKA Pre-renal)

Usual causes in Cirrhosis:

🔷Distributive: Septic, "Hepatorenal physiology" 🔷Hypovolemic: Laxatives, vomiting, large volume paracentesis
🔷Congestive: Porto-pulmonary HTN, Co-existing cardiomyopathy

3/11
Read 11 tweets
Dec 23, 2021
Patient with flank pain, hematuria and significant leg edema

#POCUS 🧵

1/10
Lung Ultrasound #LUS 2/10
#IVC long axis 3/10
Read 10 tweets
Dec 8, 2021
A tale of two hearts: Physiological observations on AV shunts and congestion 🧵

These are 2 patients on IHD I saw in the outpatient clinic

🔷 Both with severe venous congestion (#VExUS = 3)
🔷 Both with tortuous brachiocephalic AV fístula

1/11
What I found remarkable was the diametrically opposed effects of manual AVF compression on JVP! 🤯

🔴 Patient A: AVF Compression improves venous congestion
🔵 Patient B: AVF Compression worsens venous congestion

2/11
🔴 Patient A: SLE + Lupus Nefritis ➡️ ESRD in HD

#echofirst: Plethoric IVC, good LVEF, paradoxical septal motion, ventricular interdependence, severe RV/RA dilation, torrential TR

3/11
Read 13 tweets
Nov 28, 2021
Pt with advanced Cirrhosis

AKI, Oliguria + Encephalopathy

Initial treatment = Albumin + Lactulose enemas

🧂Na is now 158 (From Lactulose induced free water loss)

#POCUS ninja @tumleal noticed something was wrong! He got his probe and texted me

📱 #WhatsAppAKIConsult 1/5
#POCUS: Plethoric non collapsible IVC

Based on the clinical scenario, IVC, heart rate and Pulse Pressure...

What is the likely underlying pathophysiology? 2/5
@tumleal went ahead and confirmed his suspicion:

He 📲texted me this:

LVOT VTI = 38!

Some 🔢:

VTI of 38, assuming a LVOT diameter of 20 mm: Stroke Volume = 119 ml

119 ml x HR (93 bpm) = 11.1 L/min of CO!

This is High Output Heart Failure (Very common in Cirrhosis) 3/5
Read 5 tweets
Oct 21, 2021
Pt w right HF and high probability pulmonary hypertension

TAPSE 15 mm, TRVmax 4.1 m/s, paradoxical septal motion

Renal Venous Doppler 👇

According to doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.1…, Which curve color would best describe this patient's PH-related morbidity?

Poll and 🧵👇

1/6 ImageImage
Which curve in the Kaplan Meier Curve above best fits this particular patient?

2/6
The Renal Doppler shown 👆 looks like a biphasic pattern. This would mean the green curve 🟢

However there is a catch.....

3/6 Image
Read 6 tweets

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