I am a cardiologist, and my work place is above the diaphragm?! Why should I care about the #liver and #NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease)?
⚡️Our therapies in many cases reach well beyond the heart
⚡️In order to improve outcomes we have to tackle comorbidities
A🧵
🟦NAFLD (prevalence 25%) isn't only a hepatic disease but also a systemic & CV disease w/o effective pharmacotherapy
🟦We discuss the promising role of SGLT2i in NAFLD, propose mechanisms, & suggest future directions.

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial w/ parallel processes that involve insulin resistance, hepatic fat accumulation, increased lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ER stress, abnormal autophagy, altered gut flora, & apoptosis.
There's an association between NAFLD▶️atherosclerotic CVD + a newly recognized association between NAFLD and incident HF. NAFLD and HF (specifically HFpEF) share several pathophysiological mechanisms (inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, excess epicardial adipose tissue)
Given robust evidence of CV benefits for SGLT2i in diseases that share similar pathophysiological mechanisms as NAFLD, a growing interest in investigating the role of SGLT2i in NAFLD has been undertaken w/ promising signals in (pre)clinical studies. sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
How can SGLT2i potentially be beneficial in NAFLD? We discuss pathways by which SGLT2i can achieve the endpoints of increasing insulin sensitivity; decreasing fat accumulation in the liver, liptotixicty, oxidative stress, & ER stress; improving autophagy; & inhibiting apoptosis.
Dedicated large randomized clinical trails are needed to establish the efficacy of SGLT2i in patients w/ NAFLD

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More from @FudimMarat

Oct 9
Have you noted that patients with acute #heartfailure (AHF) hyperventilate? @JanBiegus et al. studied hyperventilation (defined by low pCO2 value) AHF and its link with potential triggers and prognosis👏nature.com/articles/s4159… @AlbertoGiannon8 @vbluml @RyanTedfordMD @yulnunezvill
1.Out of 241 AHF patients, 57 (24%) had low pCO2 (pCO2 ≤ 30 mmHg). Low pCO2 group had significantly lower HCO3- (22.3 ± 3.4 vs 24.7 ± 2.9 mmol/L, p < 0.0001) and significantly higher lactate level (2.53 ± 1.6 vs 2.14 ± 0.97 mmol/L, p = 0.03).
2.No differences between groups were observed in respect to following potential triggers: hypoxia (sO2, p = 0.57), infection (CRP, p = 0.47), dyspnea severity and pulmonary congestion
Read 5 tweets
Jul 30
Great thread on the link of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) and Dysautonomia/POTS.

To extend on the observations some additional points 🧵:

#1 EDS is commonly associated with venous abnormalities such as nutcracker physiology of abdominal vessels or May Thurner syndrome.
#2 The issue with venous distension in the abdomen and pelvis is that it creates venous pooling/obstruction to blood return. Its mostly in the abdomen and not legs!
#3 The consequence are abdominal symptoms often reported by EDS and dysautonomia/POTS patients such as Chronic abdominal pain, Bladder fullness, Flank pain etc...

The Clinical Problem of Pelvic Venous Disorders
interventional.theclinics.com/article/S2211-…
Read 8 tweets
Jul 15
📢COVID-19 and Incident Heart Failure in @NatureComms

🟥 COVID-19 hospitalization is associated w/ a 45% higher hazard of incident HF
🟥 More pronounced association among pts who are younger, White, or w/ established CVD

nature.com/articles/s4146…
🌟-team @HusamSalah @CaugheyPhD Image
🚨As of July 4, 2022, there were about 529 million pts who recovered from COVID-19. The association between COVID-19 recovery and incident HF has not been studied in a large scale, nationally representative sample.
🚨We examined post-recovery outcomes of 587,330 pts hospitalized in the US using data from the N3C study w/ a median F/U of 367 days. W/O adjustments, post-recovery COVID-19 was associated with a 69% higher hazard of post-discharge incident HF and 45% higher hazard W/ adjustment.
Read 6 tweets
Feb 12
🔥🚨Pressures Do Not Equal Volumes🚨
#1
We present ➡️ Discordance of Pressure and Volume: Potential Implications for Pressure-Guided
Remote Monitoring in Heart Failure
➡️We explored pressure-volume relationship
in ambulatory HF pts. managed with CardioMEMS
onlinejcf.com/article/S1071-…
#2
⚡️Pulmonary arterial diastolic (PAD)/wedge pressure are surrogate markers for (intra-vascular) blood volume (BV) and are often used to guide volume adjusting therapy (aka diuretics)
⚡️We found no relationship between PAD pressure and intra-vascular BV
#3
⚡️Majority of patients had high pressures but low-normal volume (blue box)
⚡️Minority had high pressure/high volume (yellow)
⚡️We found a moderate relationship between PAD and stressed BV (fluid shifts) ▶️ Fluid shifts rather than fluid retention were driving force of high PAD
Read 8 tweets
Jan 20, 2021
1. "Heart" Failure is not only a problem of the heart. The ability to modulate preload (aka Preload Reserve) is central to activity/exercise. Find the review on ⚡️Extracardiac Abnormalities of Preload Reserve in HFpEF⚡️
@sobotka_paul MarkDunlap @CircHF

ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.11…
2. Majority of intravascular blood volume is located in the venous system. Veins are highly innervated (in many instances more so than arteries). The abdomen pools the majority of the blood volume and blood can be recruited quickly in and out of the compartment.
3. In heart failure chronic or acute loading of the heart with preload can in large parts explain the exercise induced elevations in filling pressures. A key source of blood volume is the abdomen.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8238596/
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21934091/
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28862947/
Read 9 tweets

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