October 17, 2022, #NATO started a 2 week long exercise in Europe to train aircrews in using U.S. non-strategic #NuclearBombs. The exercise, known as "#SteadfastNoon" is centered at Kleine Brogel AFB in Belgium, one of 6 airbases in #Europe that store U.S. nuclear bombs. 1/
SN exercises are held once every year, but this year is unique because the exercise will take place during the largest conventional war in Europe since WWII with considerable tension and uncertainty resulting from 🇷🇺’s war in 🇺🇦. 2/
Moreover, SN is expected to more or less coincide with a large Russian strategic nuclear exercise. 3/
According to NATO, in SN participating 14 countries (less than half of the 30 NATO allies) and up to 60 aircraft. That involves 4th gen F-16s and F-15Es as well as 5th gen F-35A and F-22 fighter jets. A number of tankers and surveillance aircraft also taking part.
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“My guess is it is aimed more towards NATO than Russia,” said Tom Collina, director of policy at the Ploughshares Fund, a disarmament group. “There are [older] B61s already there. The Russians know that. They work just fine. 5/
The new ones will be newer, but it’s not really that much of a difference. But it may be a way to assure the allies when they are feeling particularly threatened by Russia.” 6/
The accelerated time frame of upcoming shipment to Europe of upgraded B61-12 nuclear bombs confirmed by the people familiar with the issue. 7/
The B61 is a family of nuclear bombs first developed in the early 1960s and initially demonstrated in underground nuclear tests in Nevada. A dozen versions have been developed over the decades. 8/
The $10 billion B61-12 Life Extension Program is managed by the Department of Energy and is meant to replace several earlier versions, including about 100 bombs stored at air bases in Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Turkey. 9/
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The 1st documented use of the M712 Copperhead 155mm shell by the ZSU.
- Unit - SOF
- Location - Kursk
- Target - communication tower (between the Pravda and Martinivka settlements)
- Aiming device - a Leonardo's Type 163 LTD.
- Distance to the target 2256 meter.
- Gun - M777. 1/
- The 1st round - direct hit to the target (most antennas were damaged or destroyed)
- The 2nd round - direct hit, the tower was partially leaning
- The 3rd round - missed its target, reason - seeker's malfunction
The M712 is a ShCh round, so it was unable to destroy the tower 2/
The M777 crew had only three M712 rounds, so after that SOF group returned back.
Conclusion:
- The Type 163 LTD must illuminate the target straight or from down to up, from up to down designation don't recommend - target can reflect laser beam and affect the round seeker 3/
According to our various sources, France will supply between twelve and twenty Mirage 2000-5Fs to war-torn Ukraine next year. The Minister of the Armed Forces has targeted the first quarter, i.e. between January 1 and March 30, 2025. 1/
By then, the French teams must ensure the operational transformation of pilots and the advanced training of mechanics and gunsmiths. It is currently unknown whether one or more Mirage 2000B two-seaters will be integrated into the batch of aircraft supplied. 2/
On the other hand, what is certain is that from pure fighters specialized in air policing within the Air and Space Force, the Mirage 2000-5Fs will become multi-role combat aircraft in the ranks of the Povitryani Syly Zbroynykh Syl Ukrayiny. 3/
K3 - South Korean Next Generation MBY.
K3 has traditional layout - a driver's compartment at the front, aturret in the center, and a rear-mounted powertrain.
Tank have 3 crew members - driver, commander, and gunner, all housed in an armored capsule located in front of the hull 1/
The unmanned turret is armed with a 130mm smoothbore cannon, capable of engaging targets up to 5km away. The tank is also equipped with multi-purpose ATGMs with a range of 8 km, including advanced modes for NLOS and BLOS engagements. 2/
In the "crew compartment" there is no division of seats by functions. You can control the tank, control the main gun and sights, wherever you are. 3/
The russian Army radio communication issue.
russian Army in AFVs uses three basic types of the radios:
- R-123 (Frequency range 27 - 51 MHz)
- R-173 (Frequency range 30 - 75,999 MHz)
- R-168 (Frequency range 30 - 107,975 MHz)
The first two can connected with the R-124 or R-174 tank internal phone. The third one is uses the R-184 AVSK (Аппаратура внутренней связи и коммутации - АВСК)
All these radios can't provide the good communication, first two are very old. The third one is the newest what the russian army has. It is digital and also has Frequency Hopping (FH) and this is the biggest problem of this radio - he can't use the FH to connected with the other old types of the russian army radios, for them it using open frequency, so it's the same shit with the old ones. In case the using the FH, it's also shit - is able to jump frequencies up to 100 hops per second. It's easily intercepted and jammed.
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For the last two years, the Russian army and volunteers have been trying to solve the problem with radio communications.
The army chose the R-187 Azart-BV radio (Frequency range 27 - 220 MHz; 220 - 520 MHz). As you can see on the image they trying to adapt these radio to the tank via these metallic construction and connection adapters for the headphones and antenna, but it's quite ineffective and army didn't get any result yet (radios aren't in service, or they are in very small numbers).
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The volunteers have choose the Chinese way. They have created the "Sotnik" and "Poltinnik" radios.
Actually these radios are the civilian Lira DM-1000, that is installed inside the metallic boxes and equipped with the adapters for the headphones and antennas and the tank power system.
P. S. the Lira DM-1000 is the Chinese Belfone BF-TM8500 (Frequency range 136-174 MHz; 350-390/400-480/450-520 MHz)
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