This meta-analysis suggests that there is no likely difference in the percentage of weight loss that may be brough about by alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, or time-restricted eating when compared with caloric energy restriction.
- All three main forms of intermittent fasting (zero calorie alternate day fasting, modified alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating) are effective weight-loss interventions.
- Findings suggested that they are likely equally effective for reducing body weight.
- The weight-loss efficacy of intermittent fasting was found simialr with that of caloric energy restriction.
- Networking analysis of a pooled data set predicted that alternate day fasting ranked the highest for weight loss, followed by caloric energy restriction, then trime-restricted easting, and no clear conclusions could be drawn on the 5:2 diet.
- Adherence to each of the protocols was found to be moderately high at the onset of treatment (80%), but it likely to diminish over time, and compliance was similar for all intermittent fasting regimes and caloric energy restriction.
A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating for weight loss (open access)
The findings of this one support that even plant-based unhealthy dietary choices can be harmful towards metabolic health, as they exhibit a positive association with liver steatosis prevalence.
- The overall plant-based dietary index (PDI), the healthful plant-based dietary index (hPDI) and the unhealthful plant-based dietary index (uPDI) were used to assess one's diet.
- The PDI corresponds to the overall adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern irrespective to the quality of plant-based products consumed.
This one suggests that age acceleration is associated with lower strength and/or loss of strength over time in US adults aged 51 years and older, followed over an 8-10 year period.
- "A growth in research evidence documents that epigenetic phenomena, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), are highly implicated in the development of disease and rate of biological ageing...
"...Given that methylation profiles are thought to be modifiable by lifestyle and other environmental factors, it has been proposed that DNAm age is a robust biological ageing clock providing a superior estimate of true biological age over chronological age...
Here, leisure-time sedentary behavior was associated with the risk of dementia incidence and mortality, but replacing it with a short duration of physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of dementia, with the effect being stronger in APOE ε4 carriers.
- The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the strongest genetic factor modulating risk for Alzheimer's Disease and dementia.
This gene has three common alleles, the protective allele APOE ε2, the neutral allele APOE ε3, and the risk allele APOE ε4.
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that nut consumption is likely to reduce serum triglycerides in healthy adults with overweight/obesity, and LDL-c when incorporated in one's habitual diet.
- "Subgroup analyses for serum lipids revealed that the favorable effect of nuts on serum TG was more pronounced in population with a mean BMI <30 kg/m2 and in a follow-up duration <12 weeks...
"...Moreover, in the subgroup analysis based on the type of diet, nut consumption led to a significant decrease in LDL-C in those following a normocaloric diet."
This one in Iranian adults found higher dietary oxalate intakes to be associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension and chronic kidney disease, especially when consuming lower calcium intakes.
- Compared to high-calcium consumers, subjects with lower calcium intake (< 1180 mg/d) had a higher risk of both CKD and hypertension.
- Interestingly enough, no statistically significant association was observed between dietary oxalate and the outcomes in subjects who consumed dietary calcium above the median.
This systematic review and meta-analysis finds the triglyceride glucose (TyG) Index to be a reliable, effective tool that can be used for the screening of metabolic syndrome.
- "A significant association of the TyG index with MetS was reported in all included studies, indicating the potential reliability of the TyG index as a new index for screening MetS...