Among the many things I am #thankful for: recent progress in hematologic malignancies. When I started my career - not that long ago! - standard therapy for myeloma was melphalan & prednisone or VMP, chlorambucil for CLL, CHOP (without R) for NHL, epoetin & transfusions for MDS./1
CML was treated with Hydrea, busulfan, or interferon & Ara-C,and the big debate was transplant timing. Most patients didn't have an allo transplant donor & the age cutoff was 50-55. Karyotyping was inconsistently done even in AML/MDS; FISH was new; single gene testing was rare./2
No one knew about JAK2 mutations, let alone envisioning specific JAK2 inhibitors. There were elderly patients with polycythemia we treated with radiophosphorous. Many clinical trials were small IITs. The most "exciting" progress was in hairy cell leukemia: pentostatin & 2-CDA./3
If I'd been given a preview of #ASH22 abstracts in 1997, I would have been, to use a Britishism, "gobsmacked." Routine NGS and refined prognostic scores! Single cell sequencing! Heaps of kinase inhibitors, engineered cell therapies, MoAbs, bispecifics, protein degraders!🤯/4
I don't mean to be a Pollyanna; there are still huge unmet needs. Much work needs to be done. Certain diseases (eg AML in elderly people, amyloidosis with cardiac involvement, high risk MDS, almost anything with TP53 mutation) have been more resistant to progress than others./5
Too few patients have access to the best therapies, especially people living in the developing world. But... it is amazing to think about how far we have come (look at the incredible progress in myeloma!), and imagine what the next 25 years will bring./6End #MedTwitter@VincentRK
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
A medical textbook nostalgia thread! I dug up my @UChicagoMed transcript & recalled what books we used for each class. Buying books online was rare back then, so most came from the University bookstore at 58th & S Ellis, or the claustrophobic but amazing @SeminaryCoop on 57th./1
Year 1, Term 1 (Autumn): Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy (1989 edition), Wheater’s Functional Histology (1987), Moore’s Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (1988), Stryer’s Biochemistry (1990). (If you had another biochem text from undergrad, you could use that.)/2
One weird fact about U of C medical school: back then med student skeletal anatomy was taught by paleontologists, including @NatGeo Explorer-in-Residence Paul Sereno (here's his Facebook image). So we learned not just about human anatomy, but how humans differ from dinosaurs.🦖🦕
K-562. It was the first human cell line I ever tried to grow in culture, during training @MayoClinic. It was also the first immortalized myeloid leukemia #cellline, published @BloodJournal way back in 1975. What does the K stand for? #HematologyTweetstory 37 is on cell lines./1
K-562s were derived from a the pleural effusion of a 53 year-old woman with #CML in blast crisis, so they have Ph+/BCR-ABL. She'd been treated with busulfan for 3 years & pipobroman for a year (limited & crummy Rx options back then), and died 9 days after cell collection./2
The K in K-562 is for “Knoxville”, where the University of Tennessee & precursors have resided since 1794. The 562? Maybe a vial name. Only Argentinian-born Drs. Carmen & Bismarck Lozzio @UTKnoxville knew; they isolated the cells & published in 1975: sciencedirect.com/science/articl… /3
Stumbled across this today when looking for a different reference and did a double take - another David Steensma, and a Dr Papaemmanuil who is not @PapaemmanuilLab, publishing on #ICUS which we have both published on - neither are especially common surnames 😮
I have to find this guy and publish with him and cause EndNote confusion forever after /2
As an undergraduate @Calvin_Uni I published a quantum physics paper with Bob Steen, and we were desperate to get Steve Steenwyk in the department to author with us so it could be the Steen-Steensma-Steenwyk paper, but it didn’t work out /3
It is often said that Marie Skłodowska-Curie died of "aplastic anemia." Try Googling it; you'll find many hits. But I am not so sure. She died on July 4th, 1934, at a sanatorium called Sancellemoz, in Passy, Haute-Savoie, France, after a long illness. #aplasticanemia#MDS /1
The 1937 biography by her younger daughter Ève describes her final illness, including a consultation at Sancellemoz (postcard) by a "Professor Roch." That would have been Maurice Roch, Regent of @UNIGEnews & father of famous Alpinist André Roch who planned Aspen, Colorado./3
Here is how the daughter's biography describes that consultation. Mention is made of fevers and blood tests - rapidly falling WBC & RBC counts - and that X-rays were done. (The last thing she needed: more radiation!). Diagnosis: "Pernicious anaemia in its extreme form." /3
What is “Bloodburn”? In the @starwars Universe, this mysterious chronic hematologic condition led Greer Sonnel - Senator Leia Organa’s chief of staff - to quit spaceship racing. #HematologyTweetstory 36: hematologic changes from space travel, in fantasy & reality. Image:@NASA/1
First, some sci-fi fun. #StarWars fandom source “Wookipedia” (@WookOfficial, source of below image) tells us Bloodburn is a “rare, chronic, and often terminal illness of the blood that befell (often younger) starship pilots”. Symptoms include fevers... /2 starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Bloodburn
Bloodburn is incurable, but usually manageable with good diet, hydration, rest, & “hadeira serum” injections (the serum itself can be harmful). The pathophysiology of Bloodburn is unclear. The “burn” part suggests radiation mediated-injury, but maybe just refers to the fevers?/3
Aspirin continues to be the most widely used anti-platelet agent, 125 years after its synthesis. But where did it come from - and why do we give it in such weird doses (e.g. 81, 162 & 325 mg) – at least in the United States? #HematologyTweetstory 35 will answer these questions./1
Some lucky ancient person serendipitously discovered that willow bark & leaves relieved pain. Hippocrates used tea made from willow leaf to ease childbirth, while the Egyptian Ebers papyrus (~1500 BCE) mentions willow for aches and pains. (Images: Sermo/Pharmaceutical Journal)/2
In 1763, @royalsociety published a study of dried willow bark for rheumatism, submitted by Edward Stone (1702-1768), a vicar from Chipping Norton in the Cotswolds & fellow @WadhamOxford. Back then a lot of “natural philosophy” (early science) was done by Anglican clergy./ 3