The #Righteous amongst us
Dr. Ella Lingens Righteous Among the Nations, prisoner in Auschwitz 1/n “If I had turned my back and in doing so allowed the death of this person whom I could possibly save, I would have made the same mistake as the entire German people”
2/n Vienna, Austria, 1938.
Dr. Ella Lingens and her husband, Dr. Kurt Lingens, were anti-fascist activists. Shortly after the Germans annexed Austria in March 1938, Ella began to help her fellow colleagues from medical school. During the Kristallnacht pogram in November 1938,
3/n she hid 10 Jews in her room. In 1939, the Lingens met Baron Karl von Motesiczky, a medical student whose mother was Jewish. They became friends. Baron von Motesiczky introduced Ella and Kurt to many Jewish friends and to members of the anti-Nazi resistance. From 1941 to 1942,
4/n the Lingens provided shelter to many Jews. They also produced forged papers, offered medical assistance, and used personal connections to help their Jewish friends escape from the Nazis. In 1942, the Lingens and Baron Karl von Motesiczky were denounced to the Nazis
5/n and were arrested. Dr. Lingens was sent to the Russian front where he was severely wounded. Ella Lingens and Baron Karl von Motesiczky were sent to Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, Ella worked as a doctor in the camp’s hospital where she continued her rescue activities and saved many
6/n Jews from death in the gas chambers. Ella was sent on a death march from Auschwitz to Dachau and managed to survive until she was liberated. Baron Karl von Motesiczky died of typhus in Auschwitz in June 1943. Ella was sent on a death march from Auschwitz to Dachau,
7/7 and managed to survive until the end of the war. After the war, Ella returned to Vienna, Austria.
On January 3, 1980, Yad Vashem recognized Kurt Lingens and Ella Lingens as Righteous Among the Nations. Ella Lingens passed away in December 2002.
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Others didn't want to know. They said, “Enough already! We also went hungry, we also suffered this, that and other things”. And so they didn't ask. It took years before they realized they should ask and that it was necessary to know
Guiliana Tedeschi was born in Milan in 1914 and educated in the middle-class milieu of Turin. She completed an honors degree in linguistics as a student and worked as a teacher. Married with two small children, she was arrested on 5 April 1944 and deported together with her ⬇️
architect husband and mother-in-law to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Her two girls, one a baby, survived in hiding cared for by her Roman Catholic housekeeper. The Jewish population of Italy had remained relatively safe until late in the war and relatively few (8,369 out of 44,500) ⬇️
1/n Sonderaktion 1005 (“Exhumation action”), was an operation conducted by the Nazis during World War II, the aim of which was to hide traces of the widespread system of extermination & other places of mass murder that took place during of Aktion Reinhard.
@auschwitzxhibit 2/n Conducted in strict secret from June 1942 until late 1944, the Nazis needed a plan of action when reports of mass genocide started to reach the Western powers. Aktion 1005 made use of the slave laborers from the concentration camps, mainly Jews, by having them dispose of the
@auschwitzxhibit 3/n corpses after a mass execution. Workers in this capacity were officially called Leichenkommando (“corpse units”); they were often put in chains in order to prevent escape.
The operation was initiated in Sobibor, with slaves exhuming bodies from mass graves and burning them.
#OTD Hans Krása was born (Prague, november 30, 1899 - Auschwitz, oktober 17, 1944). He was the composer of the children's musical "Brundibár"
Brundibár is an opera written for children. No more than forty minutes long, it was composed in 1938 by Hans Krása, with lyrics by Adolf Hoffmeister, as an entry for a children’s opera competition. It received its
premiere in German-occupied Prague and was performed by children at the Jewish Orphanage in Belgicka Street. Brundibár had one additional performance in the Hagibor building before the mass transports of Bohemian and Moravian Jews to Terezín began in 1942. In July 1943,
1/n "Red Plague"
(Polish: Czerwona Zaraza) is a poem, written in 1944 by Józef Szczepański, a World War II–era poet, who died during the Warsaw Uprising. The poem, which described the failed hopes of Warsaw insurgents that the Red Army would save them, was banned in the People's
2/n Republic of Poland due to its anti-Soviet context; during the Joseph Stalin era the very possession of it was punishable by imprisonment. Szczepanski wrote it on August 29, 1944, just a few days before his death (he died on September 10).
3/n "We are waiting for you, red plague... you will be salvation welcomed with revulsion... we are waiting for you, our eternal enemy... bloody murderer of so many of our brethren.... Your red, victorious army has been lying at the bright feet of burning Warsaw
1/n #OTD in 1941: The Rumbula forest massacre
German forces occupied Riga in early July 1941 after the invasion of the Soviet Union. In mid-August, the Germans ordered the establishment of a ghetto in the city; this ghetto was sealed in October 1941, imprisoning some 30,000 Jews.
2/n In late November & early December 1941, the Germans announced they intended to settle the majority of ghetto inhabitants "further east."
On November 30 & December 8-9, at least 25,000 Jews from the Riga ghetto were shot by German SS & police units & their Latvian auxiliaries
3/n in the nearby Rumbula Forest. The surviving 4,000-5,000 Jews were incarcerated in an area of the ghetto known as the "small or Latvian" ghetto. The Germans also deported some 20,000 Jews from Germany, Austria & the Protectorate of Bohemia & Moravia to Riga. The section of the
1/n Buna-Monowitz, aka Auschwitz III, was the largest slave labour camp in the Auschwitz complex. Here, hundreds of thousands of prisoners spent weeks or even years working under murderous conditions. Thousands died in the camp itself from the results of forced labour and the
2/n inhospitable conditions; thousands more were sent to their deaths in Birkenau.
As of summer 1943, there was a camp orchestra in the Buna/Monowitz concentration camp, in which outstanding musicians from all over Europe played. It was led by Polish prisoner Stanislav Bronek.
3/n The orchestra was required to play when the prisoners left the camp in the morning and when they returned in the evening. Initially the musicians were freed from their work assignments and allowed to practise full days, but this soon ended and they were placed back in their