This 🧵 contains important information about #hearthealth.
58 year old gentleman from Canada came to #PulseHeart with chest pain of more than 12 hours duration. His ECG showed a major heart attack. 1/n
He delayed seeking medical attention because he had a heart check up done in the past few months and he was told that his heart is normal. The check up included ECG and an ECHO. 2/n
On the angiogram done immediately, (this Sunday), he had a total block of one of the major blood vessels supplying the heart. 3/n
The blood vessel was opened promptly and a stent was placed restoring the blood supply to the heart. But some damage has already been done. The pumping capacity of his heart was impaired. 4/n
He kept on asking me: “how could this happen to me when my test results were normal in the recent check up?” 5/n
This is what went wrong: ECG and ECHO will show the status of the heart at that moment. They do not indicate what may even happen later in the day. Normal ECG and ECHO may be seen in patient with severe underlying coronary disease especially in patients with Diabetes. 6/n
This is compounded by the fact that diabetics don’t feel chest pain like the non-diabetics even when they have coronary artery disease. That’s why silent heart attacks happen in diabetics. 7/n
A way of dealing with this is to get a exercise stress test done. This is also known as the Treadmill Test. In the majority, a normal treadmill test will rule out an underlying severe coronary disease. 8/n
Take home message: So, if you have diabetes or other risk factors for heart disease don’t stop with ECG and ECHO while checking for your heart status. Please get a stress test done. 9/n
Btw, the man from Canada went home safely. End.
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A 50yr old educator (he has 300k YouTube followers, he tells me while on the cathlab table) had breathlessness, chest and abdominal discomfort along with swelling of feet. Examination and echo showed that he has a massive “pericardial effusion” 1/6 twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Normally Heart has a covering: pericardium. Space between Heart and this covering has a very small quantity of fluid. If the fluid becomes more because of infection, inflammation, cancer or any other disease, the heart may get compressed. This is called “cardiac Tamponade”. 2/6
“Cardiac Tamponade” is a dangerous situation and may lead to sudden death of not treated quickly. Immediate drainage of the excess fluid with a needle will save the life of the patient. 3/6
భారతదేశాన్ని ప్రపంచానికి వాణిజ్య రాజధాని లేదా విద్యా రాజధాని అని ఎవరూ పిలవకపోయినా, మధుమేహ రాజధాని అని మాత్రం అందరూ పిలుస్తున్నారు.
2/8
గుండె జబ్బులు తారాస్థాయికి చేరుకున్నాయి. ఇంతకుముందు మధుమేహం, గుండె జబ్బులు లేని వాళ్ళకి కూడా కోవిడ్ తర్వాత ఆ ఛాయలు ప్రస్తుతం ప్రస్ఫుటంగా కనబడుతున్నాయి.
3/8
I have been seeing a lot of younger than 40 year olds getting MI. Most have history of covid. There used to be MIs in this population in pre-covid era, but now the cases are certainly high. Many of these young patients do not have the traditional coronary risk factors.
Most angiograms in these patients are showing atherosclerotic changes apart from thrombosis. We used to think that covid promotes thrombosis and not atherosclerosis. There is no direct mechanism to suggest that it does. Previous studies demonstrated increased atherosclerosis…
Regarding mutagenicity of Molnupiravir, the initial test for any molecule is the Ames test which if negative indicates that the molecule in question has no mutagenicity. For Molnupiravir it was positive. If Ames test is positive, further tests are done for confirmation.
The in vivo MN study was negative. The Sprague-Dawley Rat Pig-α Assay was equivocal. But the conclusive test called Transgenic Rodent Assay in Big Blue Rat was unequivocally negative.