Kevin A. Bryan Profile picture
Nov 30, 2022 10 tweets 5 min read Read on X
I have helped run an AI-based entrepreneurship program for years, written papers on the econ of AI, and follow the field quite closely. Nonetheless, I am *shocked* by how good OpenAI's new chat (chat.openai.com/chat) is. E.g., you can no longer give take-home exams/homework.
I gave a little test by having it help my write my MBA strategic management exam. Let's start with understanding relational contracts in the context of Helper/Henderson's article on Toyota. I first asked a basic question about these contracts with suppliers. This is maybe a B.
Fine. Let's follow-up by asking about what would happen to these relational contract-based supplier interactions if Toyota were near bankruptcy or if the suppliers had highly-varying outside options or self-driving cars required different supplier capabilities. Solid A- answers!
Let's add some formality to these contracts. Here I ask how "trust" in a relational contract maps to formal game theoretic concepts, and then a follow-up on outside options for suppliers and these contracts in a formal sense. Solid A- work.
Let's go even crazier. Here I ask whether a new cash-constrained auto startup will have trouble motivating suppliers with relational contracts, what they can do instead, and what it means for the boundaries of the firm. Heck, this might be an A.
Incidentally, I included every answer the OpenAI chat gave - these aren't cherry-picked. Even on specific questions that involve combining knowledge across domains, the OpenAI chat is frankly better than the average MBA at this point. It is frankly amazing.
2 implications: 1) you can't give take-home essays/ assignments anymore. 2) If we think of OpenAI chat, GPT-4, generative AIs, Elicit, etc as calculators, we should be changing qualitative/theoretical courses to use them just as math education complements calculators/Wolfram/etc.
(quick clarification for the non-economists reading this thread: none of the answers are "wrong" and many are fairly sophisticated in their reasoning about some of the most conceptually difficult content you would see in an intro strategy class. It is not just meaningless words!)
This is even crazier: Despite a couple minor errors, the answers to the previous prompt are at the level of a strong undergraduate in economic theory. The explanations of Nash equilibrium refinements, and Arrow's Impossibility Theorem are particularly well done. Great work!
This is even crazier: The previous tweet in this thread was actually written by an AI and not by the supposed author. It's amazing how advanced technology has become, allowing for the creation of such convincing and articulate responses. #AI #Technology (Get it now?)

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More from @Afinetheorem

May 2
A short note on the encampment that's now set up here in Toronto @UofT. I snuck into it today (I told them I was a fellow comrade who'd stepped out to get a cig - not exactly crack security). I think it's only fair to talk to the folks and see what's going on before judging. 1/x
I did start recording video, just to ensure nothing was misinterpeted, when a fellow wanted to remove me from the site. I'm not trying to embarrass these kids, so won't post it, but suffice to say what I'm saying below is documented. 2/x
First fact is that strict majority of people I talked to are neither students nor affiliated with our university. We have something like 100k students and tons of staff, so it's not hard to find them! But yeah, "student encampment" is just objectively wrong as a description. 3/x
Read 22 tweets
Apr 13
A few notes on Japan where I was last week. Quite fascinating economically. I have been many times over two decades rural and urban. 1) There are so so many foreign tourists. Regional Asian tourism + weak yen + collapse in tourism to China + was closed for multiple years. 1/x
2) Japan feels very cheap now, which it never did before. 1000 yen=$6.50. I would put costs overall at Southern Europe levels, aside from luxury hotels (see #1). Bottle of coke in corner store: $.80. Casual sit-down meal with tax & "tip": $8. Tokyo subway ride: $1.20. 2/x
3) The reason for this is that Japan just objectively isn't rich. Equalized median income PPP is half the US, lower than Spain or Estonia, 30% below S Korea. A 30 something engineer in a major city might make 5m yen, or 33k USD pretax. 3/x
Read 15 tweets
Jan 18
In line with @tylercowen's interesting article on fertility, and the China news, I really think "people alive today will see peak worldwide population, and we have likely passed the peak absolute births per year ever in the 2010s" is a massively underrated economic phenomenon.
Those of us in the US/Canada/Oz/NZ really misunderstand how much of the developed world has little, no, or negative population growth. *Every* developed country aside from Israel is below replacement fertility. *No* country has ever gone under then gone back up above.
The EU grew 1.5%, incl. immigration, over past *decade* and 2.3% in prior decade. China's pop fell 2m last year & will fall >40m in next decade. Japan's pop is back to where it was in 1992. S Kor. already has falling pop and a fertility rate that will halve it in one generation.
Read 8 tweets
Dec 27, 2023
NYT/OpenAI lawsuit completely misunderstands how LLMs work, and judges getting this wrong will do huge damage to AI. Basic point: LLMs DON'T "STORE" UNDERLYING TRAINING TEXT. It is impossible- the parameter size of GPT-3.5 or 4 is not enough to losslessly encode the training set.
Briefly, how do LLMs work? They take huge training set of text (~the whole internet), then train attention model to predict next words following given user text. That is, if you say "The sun ", next words are likely "is", "rises", "emits". If "Hemingway's The Sun", likely "Also".
The weights of the attention model give, roughly, this probabalistic distribution. Big trick with LLMs/transformers is knowing which parts of prior text are most useful to "good" predictions of next words. No text is "memorized" from the internet.
Read 12 tweets
Sep 4, 2023
I'd go further than this. Reason economics is most successful social science is b/c of very high level of methodological rigor. Rigor, not hagiography/rhetoric, tells us what counts as logical argument or valid stats method. Other social sciences filled with "intuitive" nonsense.
When I talk to grad students about theory (& same is true of statistical inference), I point out that I've never written a theory paper where my initial conjecture was fully true. Good rhetorician can convince you of many things. A proper proof cuts through morass of imprecision.
This is the problem with "math acts as gatekeeper for people who really like econ!" Not enough to like subject or have good intuition. No one is smart enough to use words alone to understand constrained aggregated choice. Need to have interesting ideas plus tools to execute them!
Read 7 tweets
Jun 12, 2023
One last word on "greedflation"-gate. My frustration with high-profile media coverage of out-there economics ideas comes down to fact that, unlike in science or math or many other fields, media coverage of econ has so little resemblance to the actual academic and policy debates.
Certain ideas - MMT, some crypto, 'greedflation', goldbugs, Neobrandeis antitrust, some race/gender issues, some industrial policy - are 1) Very Online 2) have virulent defenders 3) usually (not always) associated w/ left politics 4) sold as "gatekeepers don't want you to know!"
Lots of business & economics writers misunderstand their prominence online, or among young progressive think tank wonks, as reflecting some broader influence. As Noah points out, being an Iconoclast is not the same thing as being rigorous, or being right: noahpinion.blog/p/price-contro…
Read 9 tweets

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