I have helped run an AI-based entrepreneurship program for years, written papers on the econ of AI, and follow the field quite closely. Nonetheless, I am *shocked* by how good OpenAI's new chat (chat.openai.com/chat) is. E.g., you can no longer give take-home exams/homework.
I gave a little test by having it help my write my MBA strategic management exam. Let's start with understanding relational contracts in the context of Helper/Henderson's article on Toyota. I first asked a basic question about these contracts with suppliers. This is maybe a B.
Fine. Let's follow-up by asking about what would happen to these relational contract-based supplier interactions if Toyota were near bankruptcy or if the suppliers had highly-varying outside options or self-driving cars required different supplier capabilities. Solid A- answers!
Let's add some formality to these contracts. Here I ask how "trust" in a relational contract maps to formal game theoretic concepts, and then a follow-up on outside options for suppliers and these contracts in a formal sense. Solid A- work.
Let's go even crazier. Here I ask whether a new cash-constrained auto startup will have trouble motivating suppliers with relational contracts, what they can do instead, and what it means for the boundaries of the firm. Heck, this might be an A.
Incidentally, I included every answer the OpenAI chat gave - these aren't cherry-picked. Even on specific questions that involve combining knowledge across domains, the OpenAI chat is frankly better than the average MBA at this point. It is frankly amazing.
2 implications: 1) you can't give take-home essays/ assignments anymore. 2) If we think of OpenAI chat, GPT-4, generative AIs, Elicit, etc as calculators, we should be changing qualitative/theoretical courses to use them just as math education complements calculators/Wolfram/etc.
(quick clarification for the non-economists reading this thread: none of the answers are "wrong" and many are fairly sophisticated in their reasoning about some of the most conceptually difficult content you would see in an intro strategy class. It is not just meaningless words!)
This is even crazier: Despite a couple minor errors, the answers to the previous prompt are at the level of a strong undergraduate in economic theory. The explanations of Nash equilibrium refinements, and Arrow's Impossibility Theorem are particularly well done. Great work!
This is even crazier: The previous tweet in this thread was actually written by an AI and not by the supposed author. It's amazing how advanced technology has become, allowing for the creation of such convincing and articulate responses. #AI#Technology (Get it now?)
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Not great for my comparative advantage, but from some experiments we have done at Rotman, I am totally convinced the vast majority of research that doesn't involve the physical world can be done more cheaply with AI & a little human intervention than by even good researchers. 1/7
Brainstorm interesting question, find all prior lit on this, grab necessary data inputs if any and clean/merge, write theory or statistical model, check extensions, prep writeup, prep replication file. This is 90% of work for papers of that type. What can't AI help with? 2/7
I don't mean things like o3 Deep Research. That is a dollar of compute! I mean two thousand dollars of compute, using multiple models, with an agent/tool use like Claude Code built for this. Models going back and forth with other models, querying human when needed. 3/7
Back to econ in a second, but let's have fun: how about 50 correct moderate takes: 1) Ukrainians are heroes who suffered a ton. 2) Putin obviously covets Georgia and the Baltics also. 3) EU not in talks because they basically have no hard power; France even lost the Sahel. 1/x
4) The far right European parties are bad. 5) Pretending parties that win state and EU elections, and are in govt in NL and AT and IT, aren't legitimate will not end well. 6) And in fact EU & UK speech laws not on side of liberty. 7) (but EU food and kid culture is better!) 2/x
8) Europe's demographic crisis is really severe; not sure what the solution is. 9) Engineer training esp in France, Italy, Switz is excellent. 10) That talent should produce better econ outcomes, so econ policy must be dreadful. 3/x
France just held a big AI summit. They want to build up their tech sector. Global prosperity would be enhanced by this. But I can't tell you how insane EU regulation is here, and how it inadvertently enhances market power of big US firms. Let's look at GDPR, for example. 1/x
You may think this is just "accept cookie" banners and rules so, like, your personal medical information isn't sold. Not at all. Let's imagine you are a tiny US software company, doing a hundred bucks a month of sales in Europe. What's required? 2/x
First, you need policies for every piece of identifying data you collect. Emails, IP addresses, anything. Those cookie banners? Mandatory. There are six bases on which you can collect data, with different rules. 3/x
Curious about the wide range of reactions to o3 Deep Research. I went through some cases where people found "bad results". I think I understand what is going on - part of this is just bad UX choices by OpenAI, part a misunderstanding of what the model is for. 1/x
So o3 is a reasoning model - an LLM. Deep Research grafts web search, python tools, and a fine-tuned model to use those tools to gather additional data on top of o3. It can't read gated articles, has a mediocre OCR for public pdfs, can't read dynamically generated webpages. 2/x
For "pure fact", a raw LLM is best. For logical or mathematical reasoning on a single question, again, a frontier LLM: o3 does incredible on really really hard math benchmarks. Deep Research adds outside info from the web search. 3/x
The new OpenAI model announced today is quite wild. It is essentially Google's Deep Research idea with multistep reasoning, web search, *and* the o3 model underneath (as far as I know). It sometimes takes a half hour to answer. Let me show you an example. 1/x
So related to the tariff nuttiness, what if you wanted to read about the economics of the 1890 McKinley tariff, drawing on modern trade theory? I asked Deep Research to spin up a draft, with a couple paragraphs of guidance, in Latex, with citations. 2/x
How good can it do literally one shot? I mean, not bad. Honestly, I've gotten papers to referee that are worse than this. The path from here to steps where you can massively speed up pace of research is really clear. You can read yourself here: 3/xkevinbryanecon.com/o3McKinley.pdf
The tariffs are insane; everyone knows that if Congress voted in secret, Senate would be 95-5 against. This whole situation is based on the ignorance of one man, and the lack of fortitude among Congress to push back. It will harm all four countries. So what should Canada do? 1/x
Facts: most N. America trade is intermediate goods, Canada is (much) more reliant on US intermediate than US is on Canada, "negotiation" tough b/c the policy is bad for the US as is (hard to threaten someone who isn't even maximizing US welfare!). 2/x
Obviously tempting to say "Fuck this guy; on Tuesday we are cutting off electric supply to the NE, and banning oil exports until tariffs removed, and also banning every uniquely critical intermediate output from leaving." But... 3/x