1/ #Christmas#Monday and excursion to Mount Cyllene in Mountainous Corinthia. The first stop was in Lake Stymphalia, one of the most important habitats for migratory birds in Helladic area and for this reason it has been designated as a Natura 2000 protected area.
2/ Seeing the arcane setting of the morning fog that had covered the lake, I am reminded of the mythological Labour of Hercules, who using his krotala killed with his poisonous arrows the dreadful Stymphalian Birds, which were terrorizing the surrounding area.
3/ The next stop is Ancient Feneos, which due to the extensive fog, it was not possible to visit the archaeological site, ending up at the wonderful nearby artificial lake Doxa. Another Natura 2000 area... Amazing alpine landscape!
4/ However, the most important monument of today's excursion was the visit to the chapel of Holy Mary of the Rock in Kato Tarsos. The chapel is located in the middle of a cluster of vertical rocks, almost smooth, with vertical irregular fissures, like at Meteora.
5/ The amazing thing is that between the rocks, in some cases and from their top, water runs!
6/ In a large crevice, the church of Holy Mary of the Rock is built, which, according to tradition, was founded to fulfill the oblation of a woman from Tarsos, who was miraculously saved during the fall of Byzantine Tarsos by Mohammed II in 1458.
7/ Mohammed II besieged the castle of Tarsos and forced the besieged to surrender, while afterwards he killed many of them and captured others. Few managed to escape. ➡️
➡️ Of the women, some were taken with them as slaves and others were thrown from the rock of Tarsos (according to others, some women of Tarsos jumped off the rock themselves to avoid becoming slaves of the Turks), where the church of Holy Mary is today.
8/ A young mother with the baby in her arms begged for pity for her child. The Turks, however, were not moved and threw her off the cliff together with the baby. ➡️
➡️ However, she invoked the help of the Holy Mary and miraculously, the woman was found safe and unharmed at the base of the vertical rock.
9/ Out of gratitude for her salvation, this woman shaped the cleft of the rock into a temple, placing some images. Inside the church is the portable icon of Virgin and Child (18th century).
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1/ In 1170 BC the Mycenaean rule was now a thing of the past and the once imposing palaces had turned into heaps of ruins. The resulting world was particularly unstable with the inhabitants of the Aegean trying to get back on their feet, often migrating to new distant homelands.
2/ Over time some communities seem to recover and an important role in this fact was played by the restoration of trade relations with the Orient, which were so important for the Mycenaean economic prosperity and which had collapsed during the Late Bronze Age Collapse.
3/ This process seems to have taken place at a time when the Phoenician traders of the Levant began their expansion towards the Western Mediterranean, seeking new markets for their products, and at the same time metals for their specialized metalworking workshops.
1/ The domestication of the horse, related to the Pontus-Caspian steppes and its spread in the Aegean is one of the main elements of the appearance of IE population groups in the helladic area. Archaeological findings suggest that the Mycenaean Greeks were great charioteers.
2/ The earliest remains of domesticated equines are identified in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of the Kazakhstani steppes, where evidence of reining, milking and slaughtering has been found, indicating a practice that aided both herd guarding and the diet of local communities.
3/ However, Botai's domesticated equids appear to have differed from modern domestic horses and were probably descendants of the archaic Przewalski horses, ➡️
1/ Let's say a few words about Macedonia on the occasion of opening of the new modern multi-purpose museum in Aigai, which came to fill a gap of years and to emphasize the particularly close ties between Hellenism and the Macedonian land that reach the depths of prehistory.
2/ As we have emphasized many times, Macedonia is the cradle of Hellenism. The first Indo-Europeans came to Upper Macedonia and especially to the Aliakmon Valley in the second half of the 2nd millennium BC, changing the course of the Helladic/Aegean area.
3/ They did not come from Anatolia, nor were they particularly related to navigation, but on the contrary they were nomadic herders from the Pontic steppes, bearers of a distinct culture with special burial customs and beliefs and knowledge of the domesticated horse and wagon.
1/ Miletus was in ancient times one of the most important cities of Ionia with intense political, commercial, colonial and cultural activity, located under the roof of Didyma Apollo, who was worshiped in one of the most famous oracles of the ancient Greek world.
2/Due to its important geographical position on the SW coast of Western Anatolia,opposite Samos and near the mouth of the important Meander River, Miletos attracted interest already in the Chalcolithic Period,constituting a bridge of communication between the Aegean and Anatolia.
3/ The initial habitation in Miletus was located in the area of the later classical temple of Athena and goes back to the Late Chalcolithic Period (3500-3200 BC). ➡️
1/ #Saturday walking on the Mycenaean Bridge of Kazarma.
The bridge is arched and built according to cyclopean masonry during the LH IIIB period, connecting Tiryns with the region of Epidaurus, while it was used mainly for military purposes to transport chariots.
2/ On the way to the Mycenaean Bridge A there is a representation of the ancient road, as well as the ruins of this.
MILETUS THROUGH THE HITTITE TEXTS. 1/ According to the Hittite texts, Ahhiya/Ahhiyawa constituted a single and powerful kingdom, extending over the greater part of the Aegean, with its dominant ruler recognized from time to time as Great King and equal to the Hittite king.
2/ Such was Ahhiyawa's power that she was able to carry out military operations throughout Western Anatolia, but also to maintain an important political, military and commercial bridgehead in the region of Miletus, which is referred to in Hittite texts as Millawata.
3/At the text CTH 147 "Indictment of Madduwata" (15th/14th cent BC),which describes the military involvement of the Achaean warlord Attarisiya in Anatolia,it's implied that the original country ruled by the Hittite vassal king Madduwata was located in the wider region of Miletus.