Acute sleep deprivation upregulates serotonin 2A receptors in the frontal cortex of mice via the immediate early gene Egr3 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Substantial upregulation of 5-HT2A after just 6–8 hrs
5-HT2A also mediate the hallucinogenic effects of psychedelic drugs
Post-mortem data shows reduced EGR3 and 5-HT2A in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics vs. controls, implying that the upregulation is compensatory and due to low binding ability.
The post-mortem schizophrenic patients showed 6 antibodies indicating immunoreactivity, specifically in the brain, against histone proteins.
"Each of the 6 antihistone antibodies resulted in robust immunoreactivity of nuclei in the prefrontal cortex"
Top-down or bottom-up, the hypometabolism in neuropsychiatric illness like schizophrenia involves ATP and GTP deficiency, disrupting gene-and-protein expression and modification, leading to molecular chaos, which then, in a vicious circle, causes maladaptive epigenetic imprinting
A deep read of the literature can get one bogged down in theory and mechanism. We already know empirically that neuropsychiatric illness is resolvable via elimination diets, heavy metal chelation (search 'Cutler Protocol') circadian rhythm repair, orthomolecular therapy, etc.
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1 week of 5–6 grams/day of both AA's decreased both long-term and stress-induced anxiety, likely via benzodiazepine, serotonin, and other receptors in the gut and brain.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17160370/
Mental fatigue depletes plasma lysine (and many others, like tyrosine, methionine, and arginine) even over 24 hours after the stressor that caused the fatigue, so ample amino acid repletion, primarily from quality animal foods, is anti-stress medicine.
L-lysine is a barbiturate-like anticonvulsant and modulator of the benzodiazepine receptor
L-lysine's interaction with the benzodiazepine and GABA receptor ionophore complex suggest its role as a central nervous system depressant and anti-convulsant.
L-theanine inhibits nicotine-induced dependence via regulation of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor-dopamine reward pathway pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23233221/
In animals and in vitro, theanine decreases the number of neurons that could react to nicotine to cause development of dependence.
During nicotine exposure, L-theanine significantly inhibits:
•Nicotine-induced tyrosine hydroxylase (converts tyrosine to dopamine's precursor) expression
•Midbrain dopamine release
•Nicotine acetylcholine receptor expression
•c-Fos expression in the reward circuit
A few anecdotes support this possibility in humans (not ruling out placebo). Users say their cigarette addiction was eliminated by nicotine, or that theanine blocks their usual buzz/satisfaction from nicotine, similar to how naltrexone works for alcoholism and opioid abuse.
7–10 days of L-theanine (0.4mg/kg for rats; 0.06mg/kg human equivalent) led to increased exploratory behavior in maze and significantly lower cerebral spinal fluid glutamate and higher methionine compared to control rats. Hippocampus activity also increased.
This was based on a hunch that ample methionine is vital for brain and mood. Most pop-science seeks to lower it. Previous studies found that major depression patients in remission have higher methionine in cerebral spinal fluid than patients still suffering with major depression.
Glycine is a counterpart to methionine, advertised to "neutralize" the reported pro-aging effects of methionine. Some carnivores trash this idea, and some do report feeling bad taking glycine. Glycine does deplete methionine and so may disrupt monoamine homeostasis and mood.
In rats, 28 days of 0.8g/100g garlic powder significantly increased testosterone (indexed by 17-ketosteroid and luteinizing hormone), this increase amplified by higher protein intake or lard intake, with a subsequent decrease in corticosterone.
200mg/kg of garlic extract for 1–2 months increased serum testosterone and retention of testicular cellular integrity in rats weighing 120g on average.
Thus the human equivalent dose is about 32.3mg/kg, so only 0.5mg/day for a 60kg person.
Zinc and selenium are major components in garlic, and are co-factors in androgen synthesis, vital to fertility and protection of the testes, so oysters and brazil nuts in appropriate amounts can substitute as well.
A cholesterol-rich diet accelerates bacteriologic sterilization in pulmonary tuberculosis pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15706008/
Tuberculosis patients who ate 800mg/day cholesterol + Abx achieved 80% sterilization by week 2 vs. 9% sterilization in those eating only 250 mg/day cholesterol + Abx.
The 800mg/day cholesterol dieters also ate lots of carbs (54% kcals); (30% fat, 16% protein). Their cholesterol was ingested in the form of butter, beef liver, egg yolks, and dairy.
Pulmonary tuberculosis patients are frequently low in total cholesterol; under 90 mg/dL is linked to higher mortality in miliary tuberculosis, and high cholesterol is linked to reduced inflammation and lower mortality during tuberculosis treatment.
88% of Americans are metabolically ill, and impaired blood flow features in many of our public health disasters.
Who has impaired bodily blood flow, brain blood flow, and often insulin resistance?
Those with major depression, brain fog, POTs, chronic fatigue, Long Covid / long haulers, multiple sclerosis, ALS, dementia, diabetes T2 (a given). Can you name more?
What repairs metabolism and blood flow?
A nutrient dense real-food diet; remove inflammatory insults
🌅 Sunlight, red, and NIR light for vit D, nitric oxide, endocannabinoids, endorphins, cell water viscosity, ATP 📈
Cut/minimize caffeine (it ⬇️ brain blood flow by 27% on avg)