Without Christopher Tolkien (21 November 1924 - 16 January 2020), the world of Tolkien studies and our understanding of his vast expanse of imagination would not have been like now.

A thread of appreciation from me. 1/13

#Tolkien #OTD

📷: Josh Dolgin A photograph of Christopher Tolkien, sitting in front of a fA photograph of Christopher Tolkien, sitting in front of a f
Christopher was Tolkien's number one fan, the one who understood his father's work after Tolkien himself. Starting from listening to tales of Bilbo Baggins as a kid, he assisted Tolkien in drawing maps and giving feedback during the 15-year gestation of Lord of the Rings. 2/13
He briefly served in Royal Air Force, but it didn't stop his contribution to Tolkien's writing in LOTR, since his father kept sending him parts of LOTR manuscripts. In 1945, he joined The Inklings literary club following Tolkien, where he read parts of LOTR manuscripts. 3/13
His most important roles were gathering Tolkien's unfinished stories and manuscripts after his father's death in 1973, before editing and publishing them. To do the job, he retired from his position as an editor and Fellow of New College, Oxford. 4/13
I've seen people made jokes about Tolkien's books kept being churned out for money, but not one of them I think really understand the amount of works that Christopher did to piece together, edit, and assemble those manuscripts into readable materials. 5/13
It was a lifetime of work. Tolkien was not a neat note-taker, known for hoarding old manuscripts. Some written on odd scraps of paper; drafts written over half-erased first draft; characters' names routinely changed, you name it. Those things occupied dozens of large boxes. 6/13
The Silmarillion had been Tolkien's dream to publish, something his publisher had rejected. Christopher finally managed to publish his father's dream four years after his death in 1973. During that time, he also edited Tolkien's Arthurian poems. 7/13
The largest editing work is of course The History of Middle-earth, 13 books of manuscripts showing us the detailed evolution of Tolkien's writing and world building efforts, a crucial contribution to Tolkien studies field. Those books alone took around 16 years to finish. 8/13
Other works include Unfinished Tales, Beren and Luthien, non-legendarium like The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun, Beowulf, The Fall of Arthur, and nonfiction like The Monsters and the Critics. He worked with Humphrey Carpenter to do Tolkien's biography and letter collection. 9/13
One of the biggest surprises from him was when he announced his retirement from Tolkien Estate in 2017, but turned out he was secretly working on The Fall of Gondolin. When it was announced on March 2018, everyone thought it was April Mop joke. But no! He did surprise us! 10/13
As far as I knew, he was always quiet, a type of no-fanfare person, rarely making splash in media. He earned Bodley Medal in 2016, along with Prof. Mary Beard and Dame Maggie Smith. His reaction: a short, polite thank you before going back to work. 11/13

Reading History of Middle-earth is a hard work, but for me, it feels like uncovering the magical shroud of Tolkien's world and the way he slowly built it, including all his mistakes, doubts, and even ridiculous-sounding ideas he scrapped but had no heart to remove. 12/13
Hearing the death of Christopher was surprisingly devastating. He was the one responsible for the personal, intellectual, and casual enjoyment I experience with Tolkien. He showed me the way a world was built. I raise my cup today for him. Thank you, and rest in peace. 13/13

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More from @BlogTolkien

Jan 15
On this day, 3019 T. A., the Fellowship of the Ring reached the Chamber of Mazarbul in Moria, where they found the Book of Mazarbul, which consisted of the final records of Ori as Orcs stormed Moria and killed Balin, Lord of Moria. How did #Tolkien create this page? 1/7

#LotR The scanned image of the final page of Book of Mazarbul. The
Tolkien used his knowledge of Medieval manuscripts to create three facsimile pages from the book. He burnt the edges with his pipe, pierced holes where the pages would have been stitched to the binding, and washed the paper with red and brown paint to make dried bloodstains. 2/7
The scanned picture above, owned by Tolkien Estate, is the final page of the book, where Ori wrote desperately in the book as the Orcs were gaining victories. Look at the Elvish script at the bottom; it was the final ominous words of Ori: "they are coming." 3/7
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Dec 3, 2022
According to Serat Katuranggan Kucing, Javanese "manuscript of cats", specific cat types have characteristics that affect those who keep them. The manuscript describes various types of cats in tembang (verses to sing). 1/8

Thread for #SuperstitionSat theme on pets and #caturday A photograph of a brown tabby kitten standing in an orange cThe scanned image of the original cover of Serat Katoerangga
Some cat types have specific names. For example, Satria Wibawa ("Honorable Warrior") is a cat with consistent markings covering its feet, face, and body, preferably with short/bobbed tail. A cat that helps to achieve life goal and makes wishes come true. 2/8 A photograph of a sitting tortoiseshell cat with sharp green
Two opposite cat types are described as Wulan Krahingan ("daylight moon", black cat with white belly spot) and Wulan Purnama ("full moon", white cat with black belly spot) in different verses. They are believed to bring happiness and luck. 3/8 A photograph of a black cat with yellow eyes, lying on a bedA photograph of a white cat with yellow eyes and some grey m
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Jul 29, 2021
Tamra Maew (The Treatise of Cats) is an illustrated Thai manuscript that consists of "auspicious" cat types (possibly serves as breeding standard). Each cat picture is accompanied by a poetic verse that describes its characteristics.

A feline thread for #FolkloreThursday 1/10
The Treatise of Cats is believed to be originated from the Ayutthaya period, but the most extant specimens came from the 19th Century. It is a class of samut khoi, a folding book manuscript widely used in many Buddhist cultures.

Below are examples of the verses in English. 2/10
Ninlarat ("Dark Sapphire")

"As the name, the breed. Dark Sapphire,
Perfect shiny black form,
Teeth, eyes, claws, tongue, black as the body,
And a tapering tail to the end, running back to touch the head." 3/10
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Apr 22, 2021
Serat Ngalamating Kucing is a Javanese manuscript from Yogyakarta that consists of verses depicting different types of cats. Each verse depicts a unique type of cat and its traits, written in the form of "tembang", poetic lines that can be sung. A thread for #FolkloreThursday
For example, a verse about a cat called "wulan krahingan" (daylight moon) depicts a black cat with white belly spot, preferably on the left and with short tail. This type of cat is believed to bring luck and grant wishes.
Another type of cat called "pujanggana mengku" (a poet's cradle) has white coat except for a black spot on its head. This cat is said to symbolize good virtues and integrity, a reminder for the owner to match the cat's quality with their attitude.
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Apr 21, 2021
R. A. Kartini designed this teakwood jewelry box as a wedding gift for Mary Fortuyn Drooglever and Geldoph Adriaan Abendanon (the Javanese letters on the lid are spelled "Ma-Ri").

📷: Feri Latief at Museum R. A. Kartini Rembang, Central Java
Rumah Kartini studied Kartini's letters to Rosa Manuel Abendanon-Mandri to uncover the true nature of the box, which had been called "Kartini's sewing kit box" before. The box is adorned with wayang characters on the surface and inside of the lid, complete with satin interior.
The characters that adorn the lid might be Kangsadewa and Kakrasana. Meanwhile, the characters on the inner part of the lid might be Srikandi and Sembadra. The lid also has small cloud patterns as "frame", perhaps showing the Chinese art influence.
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Apr 19, 2021
Really enjoy reading the exchange of letters between Tolkien and his son, Christopher, during the latter's time in South Africa to train as a pilot. They discussed the progress of LotR writing in each letter, but their talks also expanded to so many topics.
Letter 61, for example, dated 18 April 1944, started with Tolkien saying that Christopher's letters made him so happy, he delayed breakfast just to read them all. He also decried "the stupidity of war" and wished that Christopher didn't follow his path.
After talking about the passage into the Dead Marshes, Tolkien decried the treatment of people of color in South Africa, referring to local conditions Christopher had described. Apparently, Tolkien's mother had discussed it several times.
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