An accurate representation of the state of my DM box following the posts on the King George V class.
I've been challenged to name my favorite Treaty battleship.
Of course, I imagine it's so that ruffians might be able to poke holes in my opinion.
Jokes on them because we are talking about the Richelieu class today.
My friends across the pond either concede that the Richelieu class was a valid Treaty design or they get more distracted by attacking the French, ignoring me completely.
I win either way.
Now, why do I think the Richelieu class was the best treaty battleship?
Well, a lot of it ties into what I said on the last post about the King George V class perhaps being the best "pure" or "true" treaty battleship.
What I mean by that is that, in the traditional battleship role, the King George V class would have excelled. A design right at home on the battleline.
However, battleships took on a greater variety of roles during the Second World War.
I believe the Richelieu class better handled these roles. While not quite as "balanced" as the KGV class, the Richelieu class had certain attributes that better lent themselves to the environment of the Second World War.
While still being an effective battleship, it also had the speed to escort capital ships or sweep sea lanes for enemy cruisers.
While the armor protection is adequate, it had the best torpedo defense system among all the dreadnoughts at the time.
The biggest problem with the Richelieu class was nothing to do with the design (which was sound), but due to the fact that the ships never were properly built and tested. While the KGV class had teething issues, those on the French ships were on a different level.
However, once teething troubles were solved, the class showed itself to be highly capable.
One only has to look at Jean Bart to see what the class was capable of achieving. Had France not had to capitulate, the class would have seen completion sooner and far more smoothly.
On the subject of delayed completion, I think it also worth pointing out that the Richelieu class was the best suited for further modernization, more so than even the vaunted Iowa class was.
The arrangement of the Richelieu class would have been ideal for post-war additions of the latest electronics or missile armaments.
This is something France wanted but could not achieve with its limited post-war funding.
Overall, my opinion is heavily influenced by hindsight, something French designers didn't have the luxury of.
Still, I do think the Richelieu class is the most underappeciated of the Treaty battleships.
One of the more interesting claims that I have heard recently is that Italy and Germany relied on spaced armor because they could not use high-quality armor plate.
So far as Italy goes, the opposite is true. Spaced armor allowed them to utilize the highest quality armor plate.
The difficulty in manufacturing armor plate increased congruently as the thickness of the armor increased.
It was hard to make make an armor plate of 305mm thickness. It was significantly harder to manufacture one that was 356mm and harder yet for 406mm armor.
How did this apply to Italy?
Italian designers were aware of this when designing the spaced armor array of the Littorio class.
The Littorio class had a 280mm armor belt with an outer 70mm decapping layer.
I wanted to talk about plunging fire and super-heavy shells, but I realized that they are but a small part of the equation.
So, this post will be broken into two pieces, the second part focusing on shell design and shape.
Super Heavy Shells.
The wonder weapon of the United States Navy that everyone acknowledges but does not seem to understand the rationale behind.
So what are Super Heavy Shells.
Super Heavy Shells are, for the most part, the result of a panic in the 1930s.
When Japan announced that it was withdrawing from the Washington Naval Treaty, there was a moment of panic in the United States Navy. With the North Carolina class still being planned, there was a belief that the United States might have a deficiency in battleships.
While most Navies made the pursuit of greater speeds in their dreadnoughts a priority during the First World War, the United States remained happy with maintaining a speed of 21 knots throughout their series of superdreadnoughts.
Much has been written about the great leap in capability that was brought about by faster battleships such as the Queen Elizabeth class. This premium on speed has led the casual reader to discount the US Navy's Standard-Type battleships or even the entire battleline.
However, the reasoning for the emphasis for a 21 knot speed was not an inability to produce faster ships. Rather, it was a calculated decision to have all of their battleships standardized to the same speed throughout the entire navy.
The United States "Standard-Type" Battleships are something of an oddity so far as naval history is concerned.
They are typically overlooked by the casual observer and are seen as smaller, slower, or perhaps less visually impressive compared to their European contemporaries.
However, there was a good reason for the Standards and why they were designed the way they were.
They were, along with the strategic thinking of the US Navy, heavily influenced by Alfred Thayer Mahan.
Mahan's 1890 book, "The Influence of Sea Power upon History", had an effect of navies around the World.
The US Navy on the hand, began designing its entire navy around Mahan's theories.
One of the biggest being the concept of a decisive battle between capital ships.
We talked about the Lexington class battlecruisers, what they might have looked like had they been built, and how they might have been upgraded.
Now let's see how they might have operated in the US Navy.
I imagine they would have spent the interwar years split between the Atlantic and Pacific Fleet, generally following the distribution of the battleships. Most of them likely would have been sent to the Pacific along with the Battleline by the late 1930s to contain Japan.
Any battlecruisers left in the Atlantic would have likely supplemented or even replaced the three battleships covering the Neutrality patrols at the outbreak of the Second World War.
The higher speed and great range likely would have been invaluable in covering more territory.
So let's assume that the US Navy did produce it's Lexington class battlecruisers in their original configuration.
How might they have influenced the US Navy during the interwar years and into World War 2?
There likely would have been no Alaska class cruisers for one.
With six large capital ships to patrol the sea lanes, there would be less impetus for the development of the large cruiser proposals in the 1930s.
As a side note, this might have even caused Germany to hesitate on the Deutschland class.
The Renown class/HMS Hood were known to be the major threats to the class due to their speed and power. Having the threat of the Lexington class in the Atlantic would be added to this.