Lyell Jones MD Profile picture
Mar 10 7 tweets 3 min read
#ContinuumCase, plot twist edition:

A 28 year old PGY2 neurology resident is asked by her attending to review 2 scans and determine the diagnosis: Alzheimer disease (AD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

What should she say, #neurotwitter?🧵 Image
How would you respond?
Her response:

“Dementia is a clinical diagnosis supported by imaging, CSF, and neuropathological biomarkers. But, the disproportionate hippocampal atrophy in Patient B supports a diagnosis of AD.” Image
Undeterred, the attending asks her to review the FDG PET images as well.

(little does he know, she subscribes to Continuum) Image
Her response:

“Well, the frontal and lateral parietal hypometabolism in Patient B’s study again favors AD. Furthermore, the occipitoparietal hypometabolism in Patient A’s scan is suggestive of DLB.”

The attending starts to get nervous and break out in a sweat.
Attending: “Well how about THESE images?”

Resident: “This is clearly a dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomogram (DAT SPECT) indicating symmetrically reduced putaminal uptake. Again, favors DLB in Patient A.”


🎤 Image
For a complete review of Neuroimaging in Dementia, check out this excellent article from Drs. Shannon Risacher (@RisacherShannon) and Liana Apostolova (@ApostolovaLiana)! @IU_Health

journals.lww.com/continuum/Full…

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More from @LyellJ

Feb 1
Throwback #ContinuumCase!

A 59 year old developed slowly progressive imbalance and falls. Exam showed a mild spastic quadriparesis.

Cervical T2 and post-contrast T1 MR below. What’s the diagnosis, #neurotwitter?🧵
What treatment would you recommend for this patient?
The image demonstrates:

➡️ Multisegment T2 signal prolongation in the cervical cord
➡️ Central canal stenosis
➡️ “Pancakelike” transverse enhancement just below the level of maximal stenosis
➡️ On axial, enhancement mainly in cord white matter

Altogether, suggestive of…
Read 6 tweets
Nov 17, 2022
#ContinuumCase!

A 56 year-old developed progressive imbalance and dream enactment behavior. On exam he had an ataxic dysarthria and prominent limb dysmetria

In addition to cerebellar atrophy on his brain MR, you notice a subtle abnormality. What’s going on, #neurotwitter? 🧵
Which of the following diagnoses are associated with the “hot cross bun” sign on MRI?
The “hot cross bun” sign is an abnormal appearance (usually T2 prolongation) in a cruciform pattern in the pons

➡️ Thought to reflect degeneration of median raphe nuclei and transverse pontocerebellar fibers

radiopaedia.org/cases/hot-cros…
Read 6 tweets
Nov 2, 2022
#ContinuumCase!

A 71 year old has had 18 months of frequent falls

While eating, he leaves food on the closest part of the plate

His exam shows slow saccades, limb dyspraxia, and axial rigidity

Sagittal T1 MR below. What’s going on here, #neurotwitter? 🧵
What’s the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
The combination of

➡️ Falls
➡️ Slowed saccades (especially vertical)
➡️ Axial rigidity
➡️ Midbrain atrophy

All suggest the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
Read 6 tweets
Sep 28, 2022
⬇️@ContinuumAAN Case:

A 41 year old man had 4 days of pain and severe right vision loss. Exam showed a right APD and normal eye movments. Fundoscopy and contrasted T1 below.

He recovered well after IV steroids. What’s going on, #neurotwitter? Poll in 🧵 Image
What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
This patient had high titer of anti-myelin associated glycoprotein IgG1 antibodies, characteristic of MOG associated disorders (MOGAD)

Big clues:
➡️ Prominent disc edema and hemorrhage
➡️ Longitudinal perineural enhancement
➡️ Good recovery with steroids
Read 6 tweets
Jun 17, 2022
Solving the Case of the Vanishing Leg:

“My right leg is disappearing.”

➡️ 48 years old
➡️ Whole right lower limb weakness, atrophy
➡️ Progressive
➡️ Painless

What’s going on? 🧵1/8
As always, start with the patient (before the data). Where does this localize?

Weakness and atrophy often localize to nerve (motor neuron especially when no sensory symptoms)

➡️ BUT, some asymmetric myopathies can present similarly

Simple rubric to localize weakness: 2/8
Imaging was performed with a concern for multiple radiculopathies.

MRI showed no structural root lesions. But is it normal? 3/8 Image
Read 8 tweets
Jul 1, 2021
How to Muscle Twitches:

To mark the new academic year, a special July 1 edition celebrating all those muscle twitches out there today #medtwitter #neurotwitter
Myoclonus:

Brief, lightning-quick muscle contractions (or, brief pause of contraction ➡ asterixis)

Usually generated in UMN >>> LMN
Many causes: epileptic, neurodegenerative, toxic (opioids), physiologic

July 1: look out for hypnic myoclonus (sleep jerks) on hour 6 of rounds
Fasciculations:

Brief contraction of a few muscle fibers. Always localizes to LMN/axon (not UMN or muscle)

Common. You've had one while reading this tweet. More frequent in peripheral nerve disorders

July 1: fasciculation epidemics after lectures on causes of fasciculations
Read 5 tweets

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