LBBB:
- Similar to a RBBB, produces a wide QRS and affects the early phase of depolarization
- Septum will depolarize from (right to left; instead of normal left to right).
- Will see the loss of septal r-wave in V1 and septal q-wave in V6
LBBB:
- V1: Negative QRS complex b/c the LV is still electrically predominant (initial depolarization is negative and remains negative in the right-sided chest lead) (W-shape)
- V6: Entirely positive R-wave ('M'- Pattern)
LBBB:
- Usually a sign of organic heart disease
- May develop in patients with long-standing hypertensive heart disease, valvular lesion (calcification of mitral annuls), aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, different types of cardiomyopathy, CAD
LBBB:
- Most patients with LBBB have underlying LVH
- Degenerative changes in the conduction system may lead to LBBB, especially in the elderly
- Complete > 0.12 sec; incomplete < 0.12 sec
- TTE may show septal dyssynchrony due to an abnormal ventricular activation patterns
This is an important pattern to recognize on ECG! Thanks to this amazing website for the graphics: litfl.com/left-bundle-br…
Stay tuned for the next thread on fascicular blocks!
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Fascicular Blocks:
- Left bundle branch system: sub-divided into an anterior & posterior fascicle.
- Hemi-block does not widen the QRS complex markedly (compared to a RBBB or LBBB)
Left Anterior Fascicular Block (LAFB):
- Diagnosed by finding of a left axis deviation (-45 degrees or more negative)
- Delayed activation of more superior & leftward position of the LV
- Isolated finding is non-specific; can be seen w/ HTN, AV disease, CAD, and aging
Ventricular Conduction:
- Normal electrical stimulus reaches ventricles from the atria through the AV node & His-Purkinje systems
- First part of heart to be depolarized is the left-side of the septum; then spreads to RV and LV by right & left bundles
- Normal QRS < 0.10 sec
RBBB:
- 1st phase of depolarization: Left side of septum is stimulated first (branch of left bundle); on a normal ECG produces a septal r-wave in V1 and small septal q-wave in V6. No impact with RBBB.
- 2nd phase: Simultaneous depolarization of LV and RV. No impact with RBBB.
Atrial and Ventricular Enlargement:
- Both dilation & hypertrophy usually result in chronic pressure and volume overload on the heart muscle
- Pathological hypertrophy & dilation are often accompanied by fibrosis (scarring); can lead to arrhythmias and heart failure.
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy:
- Right chest leads show tall R-waves
- R-wave > S-wave in V1 is suggestive; not diagnostic of RVH
- Can see right-axis deviation and T-wave inversions in the right & mid-precordial leads
- RV hypertrophy can lead to variations in repolarization
General Principles:
- Positive deflection: wave of depolarization towards positive pole of that lead
- Negative deflection: wave of depolarization towards negative pole of that lead
- Biphasic deflection: wave of depolarization is perpendicular to a lead
Normal Sinus P-wave:
- Atrial depolarization that marks spontaneous depolarization of pacemakers cells in the right atrium
- Should be negative P-wave in aVR and upright in lead II
- Can communicate 'sinus rhythm with 1:1 AV conduction'