The often unrecognized heroism of Belgian Nuns 1/n Ruth Kurschner, a Holocaust survivor and educator, wrote:
Ruth wrote, “There is one group that I feel has been neglected over the years in Holocaust education: The Belgian nuns who saved the lives of so many Jewish children.”
She added, “I have taught about these brave women whenever I have spoken to school children, and the children have always been very impressed that these religious women dared to defy the Nazis. I personally know a high school friend who lost her entire family but who was saved by
the Belgian nuns. I cannot provide her name because it is too traumatic (even now) for her to discuss it at length. She has told her story to someone else who does speak to school children on her behalf.”
In conclusion Ruth wrote, “I would very much like to see the story about
the nuns (and of course others in the Catholic community, both religious and lay) who saved Jewish children publicized to give credit to these brave women because their bravery and compassion are not widely known. It is long overdue to make it known."
And because of your letter
Ruth, these good nuns and their courageous contributions are not forgotten. In that terrible summer of 1942 in Belgium, some 66,000 Jews were trapped under Nazi occupation. When the Nazis began their brutal roundup of Jewish families, Jewish parents searched desperately for a
safe place to hide their beloved children. Many of these frightened and vulnerable children found sanctuary in Roman Catholic convents and orphanages. About 3,000 Jews were hidden in Belgian convents during the Nazi occupation.
When one of these elderly sisters was asked why
the sisters took the chance that could have ended their own earthly life she mused, “As a Sister of Charity, it was necessary to live up to the name."
* After the war, only half as many were recognized as #Righteous compared with The Netherlands, though many more had been saved.
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#OTD March 22, 1933, less than three months after Adolf Hitler was appointed German Chancellor, the first concentration camp of the Nazi regime was established in the town of DACHAU, about 10 miles northwest of Munich, in Southern Germany 1/n
2/n Dachau was originally intended as a camp for ‘political prisoners’ such as communists, trade unionists and other political opponents of the Nazis. This was soon extended to include Jehovah’s Witnesses, Roma and Sinti (Gypsies) and gay men.
3/n Large numbers of Jews were also interned at Dachau. In the days following Kristallnacht in November 1938, over 10,000 Jewish people were imprisoned in the camp.
Prisoners were forced into slave labour, to contribute to the expansion of the camp. Slave labour, medical
The Legendary Mime Who Saved Jewish Children and Fought Nazis
1/n
2/n He was born Marcel Mangel on March 22, 1923 in Strasbourg, France, to a Jewish family. His parents were Ann Werzberg Mangel and Charles Mangel, a kosher butcher. Young Marcel Mangel discovered Charlie Chaplin at age five when his mother took him to the movies and he became an
3/n avid fan. He entertained his friends with Chaplin imitations, and dreamed of starring in silent movies.
Masquerading as a boy scout, Marcel evacuated a Jewish orphanage in eastern France. He told the children he was taking them on a vacation in the Alps, and led them to
"I was so overjoyed to receive your parcels. I have already received six, and each time, it's like getting a little piece of you... I am looking forward to just one thing – that we will be together again."
Mila Racine's Last Letter 1/n
2/n Mila Racine wrote these words in her last letter to her family in France, from Ravensbrück women's concentration camp in Germany in July 1944. Mila was killed in an Allied bombardment on March 20, 1945. Her family survived.
George-Hirsch and Bertha-Basha Racine emigrated
3/n from Moscow in 1926 with their children, Emmanuel, Mila-Miriam and Sasha, and moved to Paris, where George had relatives. The Racine family was Zionist, and lived a traditional Jewish lifestyle. Mila was active in the Paris branch of Wizo
When World War II broke out, Emmanuel
The woman in this post-war photo is Margarethe Kraus, a Czech Roma deported to Auschwitz in 1943.
Age 13, she underwent maltreatment and forced medical experimentation during her internment. Kraus survived the war; her parents did not.
2/n An estimated 942,000 Roma and Sinti lived in German-occupied territory at the start of WWII. According to Shackle, the Nazis murdered between 250,000 and 500,000 members of the groups over the course of the conflict,
Photo: Margarethe in Auschwitz
3/n killing some in extermination camps and subjecting others to starvation, disease and forced labor.
A particularly chilling document, signed by Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, the March 1944 note confirms “the accomplished evacuation and isolation” of Jews and “Gypsies."
1/n It was well known that during the Second World War, pastors called for resistance and actions.
One of these stories is about the book chest of Reverend Rootselaar of Oosterwolde. The pastor from Friesland was appointed during the Second World War in this Veluwe village.
2/n During the move, the family carried heavy bookcases with them. The vicar's loyalty was questioned in the village, as he often called for caution.
The pastor was billeted from an Arnhem family, whose father was an NSB (A Nazi symathizer party) member.
3/n When Oosterwolde was liberated in 1945, people walked to the house to see if the pastor has raised a white flag. To their surprise, they saw a Jewish couple come out.
1/n March 19, 1944
Adolf Eichmann and a group of SS officers arrived in Budapest to take charge of Jewish matters and ten days later anti-Jewish legislation was enacted, calling for the expropriation of Jewish property. Eichmann then set in motion machinery to round up and
2/n deport the Hungarian Jews to extermination camps. Between May 14 & July 18, 1944, over 430,00 Hungarian Jews were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in 48 trains. Most of them were gassed.
Without detracting one iota from the responsibility and guilt of the German and Hungarian
3/n perpetrators of the Hungarian Holocaust, it is also important to recall steps that could have saved lives despite the diabolical determination of the Nazis and their Hungarian collaborators to annihilate Jews but which are not widely publicized today. They include the refusal