In this nationally representative sample of US youths at higher risk for type 2 diabetes due to elevated BMI, risk perception and risk awareness were not found associated with greater engagement in diabetes risk-reducing behaviors.
- Instead, greater diabetes risk perception was associated with more time spent watching TV and fewer days of adequate physical activity, whereas awareness was not associated with reported health behaviors.
- Some health care access barriers, including measures of economic disadvantage, were associated with adverse patterns of health behaviors such as lower levels of physical activity.
Notably, some presumed barriers to health behavior change in this study were unexpectedly associated with healthier behavioral patterns.
Namely, lower reported screen time and less frequent consumption of food prepared outside of the home were reported for youth from larger households, and frequent consumption of fast food was less common among youth with household food insecurity.
Other barriers, including health care access and food insecurity, were associated with lower reported physical activity and higher screen time.
Perception and Awareness of Diabetes Risk and Reported Risk-Reducing Behaviors in Adolescents (open access)
In this one, after primary treatment for ovarian cancer, those who met or exceeded protein intake recommendations for cancer survivors in general (i.e., >1g/kg) had better progression-free survival than those with lower intake levels.
- This study aimed to investigate whether intake of protein and protein food sources following primary treatment for ovarian cancer is associated with recurrence and survival.
- Those who met or exceeded protein intake recommendations for cancer survivors in general (i.e., >1g/kg) were more likely to have better progression-free survival than those with lower intake levels.
In this one, acute exposure to simulated high (~2500m) or very high (~4000m) altitude prior to an OGTT did not appear to influence glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, markers of oxidative stress or inflammation, in males with overweight with a men age of 32 years.
- Previous research has shown that ≤60 min hypoxic exposure improves subsequent glycaemic control, but the optimal level of hypoxia is unknown and data are lacking from individuals with overweight.
- This study tried to examine the short-term effects of different levels of acute hypoxia on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and feasibility in males with overweight, a group predisposed to impaired glucose homeostasis.
The findings of this one suggest that weight loss during a high-intensity exercise program is likely to lead to improved substrate oxidation during exercise.
- This study is a secondary analysis of the “Effects of SIT on substrate oxidation in adults living with and without obesity: i-FLEX study”...
...a clinical trial investigating changes in substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity following 4 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) between individuals with and without obesity.
In this one, higher intakes of a pro-inflammatory diet, as assessed by the Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) score, was found associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality, and incident cardiovascular disease and cancer.
- The associations with all-cause mortality and incident cardiovascular disease were observed only for diets that were more pro-inflammatory than the global average.
- In contrast, the association with incident cancer was broadly linear.
In this one, a quadriceps-focused exercise program and a hip-focused exercise program provided equivalent effectiveness for improvements in symptoms and function in patients with patellofemoral pain.
- The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness equivalence between a focused ‘Quadriceps Exercise’ protocol and a focused ‘Hip Exercise’ protocol on symptoms and function in patients with patellofemoral pain.
- The exercise interventions lasted for 12 weeks with 3 weekly home-based exercise sessions consisting of three sets of 8–12 repetitions.
Interestingly, in this one, low-repetitions-in-reserve (0-1) vs high-repetitions-in-reserve (4–6) during moderate to higher resistance loads (65%–95% 1RM) appeared to promote similar increases in strength and hypertrophy in previously trained males and females.
- This study investigated the effects of low-RIR versus high-RIR training on strength, hypertrophy, and motor unit adaptations in resistance-trained college-aged males and females.
- Given that the high-RIR group performed training further from failure, volume-load (i.e., sets × repetitions × load per repetition) would be expected to favor the low-RIR group.