Discover and read the best of Twitter Threads about #MetabolicSyndrome
Most recents (24)
Interestingly, using NMR spectroscopy, this one suggests that newly manifest type 2 diabetes-associated dyslipoproteinemia does not significantly change the total concentrations of the lipoproteins produced in the liver, but selectively their subclass distributions.
- In the present study, German long time blood donors that were assumed to be healthy according to the rules applying for blood donors were examined.
Impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or manifest type 2 diabetes were not known for this group before they were included in this study.
In this one, a hypocaloric ketogenic diet was effective at reducing diurnal glucose compared to a low-fat diet independent of weight loss, with exogenous ketone salts ingestion during the first condition not only augmenting ketonemia, but further decreasing mean fasting glucose. 
- The primary objective of this study was to determine how supplementing a ketogenic diet twice daily with a ketogenic salt (12g βHB per serving) affected measures of fasting and diurnal ketonemia and glycemia in overweight adults during 6 weeks of controlled hypocaloric feeding
- Participants were randomized to two controlled diets: ketogenic diet + twice-daily ketone salt supplementation or ketogenic diet + calorie-free, flavor-matched placebo.
Contrary to other studies, in this Spanish population with high cardiovascular risk, higher cardiovascular health score using the American Heart Association's Life’s Simple 7 metrics was associated with a decreased risk of incident atrial fibrillation in lean individuals only.
- The American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 health score consists of 7 modifiable metrics: physical activity, diet, smoking status, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and cholesterol.
This one discovered three discrete hyperuricemia trajectories over a 5-year span and found that those in the hyperuricemia high-increasing pattern, as compared with those in the low-stable pattern, were at an increased risk of diabetes.
- According to the characteristics of their hyperuricemia status changes during this 5-year exposure period, subjects were divided into three different hyperuricemia trajectory groups:
The “low-stable” trajectory, the “moderate-stable” trajectory and the “high-increasing” trajectory.
The findings of this one suggest that reversal of alterations of the GH/IGF-1 axis after surgically-induced weight loss is unlikely related to improved leptin secretion and/or whole-body insulin sensitivity, but is rather associated with improvements in adipose tissue function.
- The reversal of alterations of the GH/IGF-1 axis after bariatric surgery related to improvements in adipose tissue function, but not whole-body or hepatic insulin sensitivity:
- The study found lower GH concentrations in humans with obesity than in lean humans in the setting of similar IGF-1 concentrations, indicating a preserved IGF-1 feedback mechanism.
In this one, low muscle muscle mass, as measured by the skeletal muscle mass index, combined with further muscle losses within a period of 2 years was associated with diabetes occurrence in Chinese individuals with a mean age of 57.7 years.
- Baseline skeletal muscle mass index was associated with future diabetes incidence, but only in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
- Higher muscle loss rates were associated with an over 2-fold risk of developing diabetes after adjusting for baseline skeletal muscle mass index and other risk factors in adults with normal glucose tolerance and impaired glucose regulation.
This one suggests that a higher habitual coffee consumption may be associated with a lower type 2 diabetes risk, especially among drinkers of ground (filtered or espresso) coffee and non-smokers, and that lower subclinical inflammation may partially mediate this association.
- Using data from two large population-based cohorts, the UK-Biobank and the Rotterdam Study, longitudinal associations between higher habitual coffee consumption and lower risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance were observed.
- Findings also suggested that higher coffee consumption was associated with lower CRP and leptin, and higher adiponectin and IL-13 concentrations.
Here's another one that sheds doubt to the obesity paradox.
- Not only using anthropometric indices other than BMI eliminated any beneficial association between obesity and mortality risk in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, adiposity was associated with a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization.
- In the minimally adjusted analyses, overweight and obesity, defined using conventional BMI categories, were associated with a lower risk of death from any cause, and cardiovascular causes, compared with normal weight, consistent with the obesity paradox.
In this one in adults with obesity without diabetes who initially lost at least 5% of body weight, only the combination of an aerobic exercise program and a GLP-1 receptor agonist improved postprandial glucose & glucagon responses and beta cell function compared with placebo.
- The aim of this study was to investigate glucose tolerance, glucagon response, and beta cell function during a 1-year maintenance period with either exercise, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or the combination after diet-induced weight loss.
- In this randomized placebo-controlled trial, adults with obesity (BMI: 32–43 kg/m2) without diabetes underwent an 8-week low-calorie diet (800 kcal/d) and were randomized to 52 weeks of aerobic exercise, liraglutide 3.0 mg/d, exercise and liraglutide combined, or placebo.
In this one, a higher muscle-to-fat ratio was associated with markers suggesting better cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure, serum lipids, blood glucose and serum uric acid among Chinese adults, especially in individuals with overweight or obesity.
- Finally, some sex/age differences were observed, with females being more likely to be affected by the muscle-to-fat ratio.
In males, muscle-to-fat ratio was more likely to affect those in the 30–39 years group.
More data regarding EPA, its cardioprotective effects, and whether the outcomes of REDUCE-IT were due to the placebo that the control group was taking.
Using an in vitro atherosclerosis model, the study's findings suggest that administration of mineral oil to promote atherosclerosis to a degree sufficient to account for the full benefit observed with EPA treatment in REDUCE‐IT is unlikely.
"Along with other distinct mechanisms, EPA antioxidant properties may contribute to reduced cardiovascular events in outcome trials using IPE compared with n3‐FA combinations, independent of placebo selection."
The findings of this one suggest that persistent de novo lipogenesis during fasting may at least partly explain impaired fasting ketogenesis in metabolic syndrome, which appears to be the consequence of reciprocal regulation of DNL and β-oxidation.
- Forty non-diabetic individuals with and without a history of NAFL were recruited for this study.
- Lipogenesis remained detectable in a subset of individuals after a 24 hour fast, including some subjects without hepatic steatosis or other hallmarks of metabolic syndrome.
This one in twins finds that active individuals are more likely to have an intramyocellular lipid phenotype resembling that of athletes.
- Findings also suggested that efficient BCAA catabolism together with BCAA availability are crucial for this intramyocellular lipid phenotype to occur.
To put this into perspective, metabolic syndrome is more than often accompanied by impaired BCAA catabolism.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggests that treatment with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is unlikely to reduce or increase cancer incidence or mortality.
- The review included RCTs that compared SGLT2 inhibitors or SGLT1/2 inhibitors to placebo, active interventions, or no intervention in adults (aged ≥ 18 years), with a minimum follow-up of 48 weeks and that reported at least 1 case of cancer or 1 death due to cancer.
- Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors did not reduce or increase cancer incidence or mortality.
The findings of this one suggest that anthropometric measures waist-to-hip ratio and/or waist circumference, but not BMI, are risk factors for MACE-3, CVD-related mortality, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and CV risk factors or established CVD.
- The REWIND CV Outcomes Trial evaluated CVD-related events, including MACE-3, CVD-related mortality, all-cause mortality, and HF requiring hospitalization, over a median of 5.4 years.
- Patients had type 2 diabetes, were aged 50 years or older with CV risk factors or established CVD and had a baseline BMI of ≥ 23 kg/m2.
Interestingly, the findings of this one suggest that comorbidity burden could be the driving factor behind age-related decreases in total testosterone levels in men.
- The current study utilized data from the 2004-2017 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging to investigate the association between additive comorbidities and serum testosterone levels over time in men with a mean age of ~69.8 years.
- After controlling for various comorbidities, no association between age and testosterone was observed.
Here, the combination of exercise and a GLP-1 receptor agonist reduced metabolic syndrome severity, abdominal obesity, and inflammation following an eight-week low-calorie diet, consequently reducing cardiometabolic risk more than exercise or the GLP-1 receptor agonist alone.
- The study investigated improvements in metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and low-grade inflammation during moderate-to-vigorous exercise, liraglutide 3.0 mg/day, or the combination of the two following an eight-week low-calorie diet...
...in a one-year maintenance period following a diet-induced weight loss.
The findings of this one suggest that a high BMI during puberty is robustly, and a high BMI during childhood is modestly, associated with the risk of adult thromboembolic events in men.
- Pubertal BMI change was associated with an increased risk of both venous thromboembolic events and unprovoked venous thromboembolic events.
- Overweight at young adult age, or at both childhood and young adult age, was strongly associated with an increased risk of adult venous thromboembolic events, compared with individuals with normal weight.
In this one, a higher adherence to the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 cardiovascular health score was found to be associated with lower risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among US adults.
- The American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 cardiovascular health score consists of 8 modifiable metrics: physical activity, diet, smoking status, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, and sleep.
heart.org/en/healthy-liv…
heart.org/en/healthy-liv…
- A higher LE8 score was independently associated with lower mortality risk from all-cause and cardiovascular diseases.
In this one, adipsin, an adipokine that can stimulate triglyceride synthesis and is involved in the complement system, was found to be associated with MAFLD.
- Individuals with MAFLD had higher levels of adipsin.
- In indivisuals with MAFLD, as the number of metabolic risk abnormalities increased, the levels of serum adipsin and the proportion of moderate to severe fatty liver disease also increased.
Interestingly, this one found both low and high glycaemic levels as well as low and high levels of HbA1c to be associated with an increased risk of infection-related mortality risk.
- In this large cohort study of young and middle-aged Korean adults, diabetes, non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance were associated with increased risk of infection-related mortality.
- These associations remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders and when changes in glycaemic parameters and confounders over time were incorporated as time-varying covariates.
The findings of this one suggest that secreted adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles can inform pancreatic β-cells about insulin resistance in adipose tissue in order to amplify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in times of increased insulin demand.
- Recent findings suggest that white adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles play an important role in the onset of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
- This study provides evidence that adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles serve as a signaling entity that can amplify insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells.
The findings of this one suggest that acutely prolonging an overnight fast may improve overnight substrate oxidation, and that these alterations are not mediated by changes in hepatic glycogen depletion.
- Acutely prolonging an overnight fast reduced carbohydrate oxidation and increased fat oxidation during the night in both individuals with NAFLD and healthy control participants.
- Despite fasting for 16 hours, the overnight carbohydrate oxidation of the group with NAFLD stayed relatively high compared with carbohydrate oxidation of the control group.
Here, both metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obesity were associated with higher risk of cancer, although though the risk relationships were weaker in the latter case.
- The combination of obesity and metabolically unhealthy status conveyed the highest risk of any obesity-related cancer, compared to other combinations of BMI and metabolic health status.
- The increased risk was found for most obesity-related cancers, with the highest relative risks found for endometrial, liver, and renal cell cancer.
