1/ 📊📏 Let's dive into the world of #statistics & explore the Levels of Measurement! Understanding these levels is crucial for choosing the right statistical methods for data analysis. Today, we'll cover the 4 main levels: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio. #DataScience
2/ 🏷️ Nominal Level: At this level, data is purely qualitative and categorical. There's no inherent order or ranking involved. Examples include colors, genders, or nationalities. It's important to note that mathematical operations like addition or subtraction don't apply here.
3/ 🥇🥈🥉 Ordinal Level: This level involves data that has an inherent order or ranking, but the difference between categories is not uniform. Examples include survey responses (Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree) or educational levels (elementary, high school, college).
4/ 📏🌡️ Interval Level: With interval data, there's a consistent and measurable difference between categories, but there's no true zero point. Examples include temperature in Celsius/Fahrenheit, or historical years (BCE/CE). Keep in mind, ratios don't make sense here.
5/ 🔢 Ratio Level: The highest level of measurement, ratio data, has all the properties of interval data, but with a true zero point. Examples include weight, height, or age. At this level, all mathematical operations can be performed, including ratios.
6/ 📊💡 To choose the right statistical methods for data analysis, understanding the level of measurement is essential. Each level of measurement has its appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. This ensures accurate interpretation of data.
7/ 🧮🔎 Remember: Different levels of measurement call for different statistical tests. For example, Chi-square tests are used for nominal data, while t-tests and ANOVA are applicable for interval and ratio data. Keep the level of measurement in mind when analyzing data!
8/ 🎓 In summary, the Levels of Measurement in #statistics are crucial for understanding the nature of data and selecting the appropriate methods for analysis. Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio levels each have their own unique properties and applications. #DataScience
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1/ 📊📈 Let's dive into the fascinating world of #statistics and explore two key concepts: Odds Ratio and Relative Risk! Understanding the differences and applications of these two measures is crucial for interpreting study results and making informed decisions. #DataScience
2/ 🎲 Odds Ratio (OR): The Odds Ratio is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. It represents the odds of an event occurring in one group compared to the odds in another group. OR is particularly useful in case-control studies. #DataScience
3/ 🌡️ Relative Risk (RR): Also known as Risk Ratio, RR is the ratio of the probability of an event occurring in the exposed group to the probability of the event occurring in the non-exposed group. RR is often used in cohort studies to assess risk. #DataScience
Welcome to this thread where we'll explore the differences between systematic and random error, two types of error that can impact the accuracy and precision of your data. Let's dive in! #Statistics#DataScience
🧵2/10: Error in Measurements 📏
In any measurement process, there's a possibility of errors occurring. Understanding the types of errors that can arise helps us to design experiments that minimize their impact and improve the quality of our results. #DataScience
🧵3/10: Systematic Error 📐
Systematic errors, or biases, are consistent and reproducible inaccuracies that occur in the same direction every time. These errors can be due to faulty equipment, incorrect calibration, or even observer bias. #DataScience
It's a powerful mathematical technique used to model complex systems, make predictions, and optimize decision-making. Let's dive into this fascinating world! #MonteCarloSimulation#Statistics#DataScience
🧵2/8 How does it work? 🤔
Monte Carlo Simulation uses random sampling and statistical models to estimate unknown values. It simulates a system multiple times with different random inputs and aggregates the results to produce predictions. #RandomSampling#DataScience
🧵3/8 Applications 💼
From finance to engineering, Monte Carlo Simulation is used across many fields. It helps with risk analysis, portfolio optimization, and even predicting the weather. The versatility of this method is truly remarkable. #DataScience
1/10: 🧪📊 Introducing Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) and how to perform them using R! A thread. #GLM#Rstats#DataScience
2/10: 💡GLMs are a general class of regression models that extend linear regression, allowing for a variety of response distributions & link functions. They're used for modeling relationships between a response variable & one or more explanatory variables. #RStats#DataScience
3/10: 📐The main components of a GLM are:
Random Component: The response variable's distribution (e.g., Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial)
Systematic Component: Linear predictor (linear combo of explanatory variables)
Link Function: Connects the two components. #Rstats#DataScience
🧵1/10 Multivariate Normality: A Guide to Controlling It Using the MVN Package in R 📊
Multivariate normality is a key assumption in many statistical techniques. Let’s explore how to test and control for MVN using the MVN package in R. #rstats#DataScience cran.r-project.org/web/packages/M…
🧵2/10 Installing the MVN Package 📦
First, let's install and load the MVN package in R:
install.packages("MVN")
library(MVN)
This package offers a range of functions to assess and visualize multivariate normality. #rstats#DataScience
🧵3/10 Testing for MVN 🔎
To test your dataset for MVN, use the mvn() function. The function takes a data frame or a matrix as input and returns a list of tests, including Mardia's, Henze-Zirkler's, and Royston's tests.
# setosa subset of the Iris data
setosa <- iris[1:50, 1:4]
🧵1/16 🚀 Package Exploration! 🌌 We all know popular #RStats packages like ggplot2, dplyr, and shiny, but there are tons of hidden gems 💎 in the CRAN universe waiting to be discovered! Let's explore some lesser-known packages that can supercharge your #DataScience journey!
🧵2/16 🌈 colorfindr: This nifty package extracts the most common colors from your images! Whether you're working with visualizations, web design, or marketing materials, colorfindr has you covered. Check it out: cran.r-project.org/package=colorf…#RStats#DataScience
🧵3/16 📦 pacman: Tired of typing install.packages() for each new package you need? pacman is here to save the day! It's a Swiss Army knife 🛠️ for package management, making installing, loading, and updating packages a breeze! cran.r-project.org/package=pacman#RStats#DataScience