Thread by @AviralChawda

Until the 1200s, the abacus was being used to carry out arithmetical operations. Italian mathematician Leonardo Bonacci (1170-1250), popularly known as #Fibonacci, played a predominant role in changing mindsets and persuading Europeans to use

Modus Indorum or the method of the Hindus'. Governments of the day in Europe had not completely accepted the Arabic numerals as they were called in the twelfth century and were especially suspicious of zero. But more merchants and bankers were finding it easier to do calculations

and to balance their account books by using zero and the arithmetical operations that had been described by Al-Khwarizmi. It was at this time that Fibonacci wrote a famous textbook Liber Abaci (Abacus Book or Book of Calculation) that explained the ease of using Modus Indorum.

In 2003 Siger translated Liber Abacci from the original text. Here is an excerpt where he mentions the method of the Hindus:
"After my father's appointment by his homeland as state official in the customs house of Bugia for the Pisan merchants who thronged to it, he took charge;

and in view of its future usefulness and convenience, had me in my boyhood come to him and there wanted me to devote myself to and be instructed in the study of calculation for some days. There, following my introduction, as consequence of marvellous instruction in the

art, to the nine digits of the Hindus, the knowledge of the art very much appealed to me before all others, and for it I realized that all its aspects were studied in Egypt, Syria, Greece, Sicily, and Provence, with their varying methods; and at these places thereafter, while on

business. I pursued my study in depth and learned the give-and-take of disputation. But all this even, and the algorithm, as well as the art of Pythagoras, I considered as almost a mistake in respect to the method of the Hindus (Modus Indorum).

Therefore, embracing more stringently that method of the Hindus, and taking stricter pains in its study, while adding certain things from my own understanding and inserting also certain things from the niceties of Euclid's geometric art. I have striven to compose this book in its

entirety as understandably as I could, dividing it into fifteen chapters. Almost everything which I have introduced I have displayed with exact proof, in order that those further seeking this knowledge. with its pre-eminent method, might be instructed. and further, in order that

the Latin people might not be discovered to be without it, as they have been up to now. If I have perchance omitted anything more or less proper or necessary, I beg indulgence. since there is no one who is blameless and utterly provident in all things.

The nine Indian figures are: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1, these nine figures, and with the sign 0... any number may be written.
Fibonacci has been wrongly credited for the work that Indian mathematicians had done in a much earlier era.

The so-called Fibonacci sequence was expressed by several Indians: Pingala (third century BCE), Virahanka (700 CE), Gopala (before 1135 CE) and Hemachandra (1088 to 1173 CE).
Similarly, Brahmagupta in the seventh century had already explained many concepts.

The fact that more people today have heard of Fibonacci than Pingala, Hemachandra and others is an indication of the Eurocentric history that has been taught in schools for a long time."

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