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Project 112
How The United States of America tested its bioweapons on its own citizens...!!
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#CIA #Bioweapons #USA twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
How The United States of America tested its bioweapons on its own citizens...!!
Let's explore:
#CIA #Bioweapons #USA twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
1. The toys to play around
The United States' first attempt at biological warfare came during World War I. The agent the U.S. tested was the toxin ricin a product of the castor plant. The U.S. conducted tests concerning two methods of ricin dissemination, firstly, adhering the… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
The United States' first attempt at biological warfare came during World War I. The agent the U.S. tested was the toxin ricin a product of the castor plant. The U.S. conducted tests concerning two methods of ricin dissemination, firstly, adhering the… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
2. The Silence in between
In the 1920s suggestions started coming up that the U.S. begin a biological weapons program were coming from within the Chemical Warfare Service (CWS). Chief of the CWS, Amos Fries, decided that such a program would not be "profitable" for the U.S. So… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
In the 1920s suggestions started coming up that the U.S. begin a biological weapons program were coming from within the Chemical Warfare Service (CWS). Chief of the CWS, Amos Fries, decided that such a program would not be "profitable" for the U.S. So… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
3. The fire ignited
Initial US interest in biological weapons by the Chemical Warfare Service began in 1941. That fall, U.S. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson requested that the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) undertake consideration of U.S. biological warfare.
(A world war… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Initial US interest in biological weapons by the Chemical Warfare Service began in 1941. That fall, U.S. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson requested that the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) undertake consideration of U.S. biological warfare.
(A world war… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
4. The signatures of death
NAS formed a committee, the War Bureau of Consultants (WBC), which issued a report on the subject in February 1942. The report recommended the research and development of an offensive biological weapons program. The British, and the research undertaken… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
NAS formed a committee, the War Bureau of Consultants (WBC), which issued a report on the subject in February 1942. The report recommended the research and development of an offensive biological weapons program. The British, and the research undertaken… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
5. The Lurking Shadows
In response to the information provided by the WBC, Roosevelt ordered Stimson to form the War Research Service (WRS). The WRS' was established within the Federal Security Agency and its stated purpose was to promote "public security and health", but, in… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
In response to the information provided by the WBC, Roosevelt ordered Stimson to form the War Research Service (WRS). The WRS' was established within the Federal Security Agency and its stated purpose was to promote "public security and health", but, in… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
6. The public secret no one knew about and celebrations unabashed
By November 1943 the biological weapons facility at Fort Detrick was completed, and the United States constructed three more facilities - a biological agent production plant at Vigo County near Terre Haute,… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
By November 1943 the biological weapons facility at Fort Detrick was completed, and the United States constructed three more facilities - a biological agent production plant at Vigo County near Terre Haute,… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
5. Let us say a "Biological Hello" to our owns
The US biological weapons program started during World War II. But the first real public test happened in 1949 when scientists put harmless bacteria in the air conditioning system at the Pentagon to see what a biological weapon might… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
The US biological weapons program started during World War II. But the first real public test happened in 1949 when scientists put harmless bacteria in the air conditioning system at the Pentagon to see what a biological weapon might… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
6. Hunters were Hunted
Ira Baldwin, Camp Detrick’s scientific director during World War II, left his position after the Allied victory in 1945 and returned to teaching at the University of Wisconsin. He continued to advise the government on issues concerning biological weapons,… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Ira Baldwin, Camp Detrick’s scientific director during World War II, left his position after the Allied victory in 1945 and returned to teaching at the University of Wisconsin. He continued to advise the government on issues concerning biological weapons,… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
7. Operation Sea Spray
The Bioweapon testing operations moved to larger scale testing, releasing clouds containing supposedly harmless bacteria from Navy ships off Norfolk, Virginia, in April 1950, and the San Francisco coast in September 1950. The San Francisco experiments… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
The Bioweapon testing operations moved to larger scale testing, releasing clouds containing supposedly harmless bacteria from Navy ships off Norfolk, Virginia, in April 1950, and the San Francisco coast in September 1950. The San Francisco experiments… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
8. How Operation Sea Spray was executed
Starting on September 20, 1950, and continuing until September 27, the U.S. Navy released the two types of bacteria from a ship off the shore of San Francisco, believing them to be harmless to humans. Based on results from monitoring… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Starting on September 20, 1950, and continuing until September 27, the U.S. Navy released the two types of bacteria from a ship off the shore of San Francisco, believing them to be harmless to humans. Based on results from monitoring… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
9. Up in the air
In the 1950s, army researchers dispersed zinc cadmium sulfide (now a known cancer-causing agent) over Minnesota and other Midwestern states to see how far they would spread in the atmosphere. The particles were detected more than 1,000 miles away in New York… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
In the 1950s, army researchers dispersed zinc cadmium sulfide (now a known cancer-causing agent) over Minnesota and other Midwestern states to see how far they would spread in the atmosphere. The particles were detected more than 1,000 miles away in New York… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
10. The St Jo Program and Large Area Concept
As per a US Air Force request, in 1953 the Army Chemical Corps created the St Jo Program and operatives staged mock anthrax attacks on St. Louis, Minneapolis, and Winnipeg. The bacteria were released from generators placed on top of… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
As per a US Air Force request, in 1953 the Army Chemical Corps created the St Jo Program and operatives staged mock anthrax attacks on St. Louis, Minneapolis, and Winnipeg. The bacteria were released from generators placed on top of… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
11. The St Jo Program and Large Area Concept - part 2
The next stage was to increase dispersal patterns, dispensing particles from airplanes to find out how wide of an area they would affect. The first Large Area Concept experiment, in 1957, involved dispersing microorganisms… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
The next stage was to increase dispersal patterns, dispensing particles from airplanes to find out how wide of an area they would affect. The first Large Area Concept experiment, in 1957, involved dispersing microorganisms… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
12. Serratia marcescens bacteria Test
Open-air testing continued through the 1960s, with the Special Operations Division operatives simulating even more audacious assaults. In 1965 they spread bacteria throughout Washington’s National Airport; a year later, agents dropped light… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Open-air testing continued through the 1960s, with the Special Operations Division operatives simulating even more audacious assaults. In 1965 they spread bacteria throughout Washington’s National Airport; a year later, agents dropped light… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
13. White vs Black
In 1951, tests were also carried out at the Norfolk Naval Supply Center in Virginia, a massive base that equips the US Navy. Fungal spores were dispersed to see how they would infect workers unpacking crates there. Most of the workers were African American and… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
In 1951, tests were also carried out at the Norfolk Naval Supply Center in Virginia, a massive base that equips the US Navy. Fungal spores were dispersed to see how they would infect workers unpacking crates there. Most of the workers were African American and… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
14. Project 112 arrives
There was a massive increase in testing in 1962 when then US Secretary of Defence, Robert McNamara, authorized Project 112. The project expanded bioweapons testing and pumped new funds into research. One of the more controversial tests took place in 1966… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
There was a massive increase in testing in 1962 when then US Secretary of Defence, Robert McNamara, authorized Project 112. The project expanded bioweapons testing and pumped new funds into research. One of the more controversial tests took place in 1966… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
15. The Cancer of Experiments
In 1997, the National Research Council revealed that the US also used chemicals to test the potential of biological weapons in the 1950s. Zinc cadmium sulfide was dispersed by plane and sprayed over a number of cities, including St Louis in Missouri… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
In 1997, the National Research Council revealed that the US also used chemicals to test the potential of biological weapons in the 1950s. Zinc cadmium sulfide was dispersed by plane and sprayed over a number of cities, including St Louis in Missouri… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
16. What was Project 112?
Project 112 was a biological and chemical weapon experimentation project conducted by the United States Department of Defense from 1962 to 1973.
The project started under John F. Kennedy's administration and was authorized by his Secretary of Defense… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Project 112 was a biological and chemical weapon experimentation project conducted by the United States Department of Defense from 1962 to 1973.
The project started under John F. Kennedy's administration and was authorized by his Secretary of Defense… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
14. Why it was named Project 112?
The name "Project 112" refers to this project's number in the 150-project review process authorized by then Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. Funding and staff were contributed by every branch of the U.S. armed services and intelligence… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
The name "Project 112" refers to this project's number in the 150-project review process authorized by then Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. Funding and staff were contributed by every branch of the U.S. armed services and intelligence… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
15. What was the scope of Project 112?
Project 112 mainly dealt with the use of aerosols to disseminate biological and chemical agents that could produce "controlled temporary incapacitation" (CTI). The test program would be conducted on a large scale at "extracontinental test… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Project 112 mainly dealt with the use of aerosols to disseminate biological and chemical agents that could produce "controlled temporary incapacitation" (CTI). The test program would be conducted on a large scale at "extracontinental test… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
16. The Writ of Power and Project 112
At least 50 trials were conducted and out of these at least 18 tests involved simulants of biological agents (such as BG), and at least 14 involved chemical agents including sarin and VX, but also tear gas and other stimulants. Test sites… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
At least 50 trials were conducted and out of these at least 18 tests involved simulants of biological agents (such as BG), and at least 14 involved chemical agents including sarin and VX, but also tear gas and other stimulants. Test sites… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
17. A pie of the biological sky
Project 112 was a highly classified military testing program that was aimed at both offensive and defensive human, animal, and plant reactions to biological and chemical warfare in various combinations of climate and terrain. The U.S. Army Chemical… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Project 112 was a highly classified military testing program that was aimed at both offensive and defensive human, animal, and plant reactions to biological and chemical warfare in various combinations of climate and terrain. The U.S. Army Chemical… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
18. The Devil's Lares
The command structure for the Deseret Test Center, which was organized to oversee Project 112, bypassed standard Defense Department channels and reported directly to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and US Cabinet consisting of the Secretary of Defense, Secretary… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
The command structure for the Deseret Test Center, which was organized to oversee Project 112, bypassed standard Defense Department channels and reported directly to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and US Cabinet consisting of the Secretary of Defense, Secretary… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
19. Death has many names
Project 112 tests used the following agents and simulants: Francisella tularensis, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus globii, staphylococcal enterotoxin Type B, Puccinia graminis var. tritici (stem rust of wheat). Agents and simulants were… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Project 112 tests used the following agents and simulants: Francisella tularensis, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus globii, staphylococcal enterotoxin Type B, Puccinia graminis var. tritici (stem rust of wheat). Agents and simulants were… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
20. No one is spared by the Devil
In May 1965, vulnerability tests in the U.S. using the anthrax simulant Bacillus globigii were performed in the Washington D.C. area by SOD covert agents. One test was conducted at the Greyhound bus terminal and the other at the north terminal of… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
In May 1965, vulnerability tests in the U.S. using the anthrax simulant Bacillus globigii were performed in the Washington D.C. area by SOD covert agents. One test was conducted at the Greyhound bus terminal and the other at the north terminal of… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
21. Project 112 - SHAD - The Baby Sister of Project 112
Project 112 consisted of both land-based and sea-based tests. The sea-based tests, called Project SHAD were primarily launched from other ships such as the USS Granville S. Hall and USS George Eastman, Army tugboats,… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Project 112 consisted of both land-based and sea-based tests. The sea-based tests, called Project SHAD were primarily launched from other ships such as the USS Granville S. Hall and USS George Eastman, Army tugboats,… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
22. Operation Whitecoat - Little Baby of the Project 112
It was a biodefense medical research program carried out by the United States Army at Fort Detrick, Maryland between 1954 and 1973. The program pursued medical research using volunteer enlisted personnel who were… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
It was a biodefense medical research program carried out by the United States Army at Fort Detrick, Maryland between 1954 and 1973. The program pursued medical research using volunteer enlisted personnel who were… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
22. Who were White Coats?
White Coat volunteers, were all naive objectors including many members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, who were informed of the purpose and goals of each project before providing consent to participate in any project. The stated purpose of the… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
White Coat volunteers, were all naive objectors including many members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, who were informed of the purpose and goals of each project before providing consent to participate in any project. The stated purpose of the… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
23. Cricket Cricket why so Wicked
The United States seriously researched the potential of entomological warfare (EW) during the Cold War. EW is a specific type of biological warfare that aims to use insects as weapons, either directly or through their potential to act as… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
The United States seriously researched the potential of entomological warfare (EW) during the Cold War. EW is a specific type of biological warfare that aims to use insects as weapons, either directly or through their potential to act as… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
24. The Closure
In November 1969 then-US President Richard Nixon ordered a closure of the US Biological weapons offensive program, but scientists at Fort Detrick worked on one toxin, Staphylococcus enterotoxin type B (SEB), for several more months. President Nixon ended the… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
In November 1969 then-US President Richard Nixon ordered a closure of the US Biological weapons offensive program, but scientists at Fort Detrick worked on one toxin, Staphylococcus enterotoxin type B (SEB), for several more months. President Nixon ended the… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
25. So post Nixon declaration US Bioweapon program moved to the confines of the labs but after the Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989 was enacted, even then US Bioweapons program kept going on which we saw in the form of the US Biolabs in Ukraine. So if any endemic or… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
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