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Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
@CraigBaird
Jun 18, 2023 • 23 tweets • 7 min read • Read on X
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In honour of #FathersDay, here is a thread about the fathers of our Canadian Prime Ministers!

23. Pierre Trudeau (Justin Trudeau)
Pierre was Canada's 13th prime minister from 1968-1979 & 1980-1984.
Pierre & Justin are the only father and son to serve as PM of Canada. Image
22. Joseph Harris Harper (Stephen Harper)

Joseph Harper was an accountant for Imperial Oil. He had an avid interest in military history & meticulously researched military insignia for his 1992 book Old Colours Never Die. Image
21. Paul Martin Sr (Paul Martin Jr.)

One of Canada's most influential politicians, Paul Martin Sr. was a member of Parliament from 1935 to 1968. He served as a cabinet minister for three prime ministers & was heavily influential in the creation of Universal Healthcare. Image
20. Wellie Chretien (Jean Chretien)

Jean's father was a major influence on him. While the family grew up poor, he wanted his children to escape the working-class life. He made Jean read the dictionary as a young boy. He was also a lifelong Liberal.

No picture found.
19. George Thomas Campbell (Kim Campbell)

Kim's father was born in Scotland and worked as a barrister. He had served with the Seaforth Highlanders of Canada during the Second World War.
After Kim's mother left when Kim was 12, George raised Kim & her sister.

No picture found.
18. Benedict Martin Mulroney (Brian Mulroney)

Benedict Mulroney worked as a paper mill electrician in Baie-Comeau, Quebec. He often worked overtime & also ran a repair business to earn extra money for his children to attend university. Image
17. Leonard Hugh Turner (John Turner)

Leonard, an English journalist, unfortunately died of a botched operation when John was still a toddler. Frank Ross, the future Lt. Governor of British Columbia, became John's stepfather in 1945 when John was 16. ImageImage
16. Charles Clark (Joe Clark)

Charles was a newspaper publisher in High River, Alberta, where he established the High River Times. The newspaper still exists. Joe (pictured here as a baby) worked at his dad's newspaper in several capacities. Image
15. Charles-Emile Trudeau (Pierre Trudeau)

Charles-Emile worked as a lawyer and then grew a fortune by building gas stations around the Montreal area & starting the Automobile Owners' Association.
He died suddenly of pneumonia in 1935 when he was 47. Image
14. Edwin Pearson (Lester B. Pearson)

Edwin was a Methodist, and later United Church, minister. He later became the minister at the Aurora Methodist Church. Edwin is standing to the right. Lester's grandfather Marmaduke, also a minister, is seated. Image
13. William Thomas Diefenbaker (John Diefenbaker)

The son of German immigrants, William Diefenbaker worked as a teacher and had a deep interest in history and politics. Out of the 28 students in his 1903 class, four, including his son, served in Parliament. Image
12. Jean-Baptiste-Moise Saint-Laurent (Louis St. Laurent)

Jean was a prominent person in the village of Compton, Quebec and his home was a social centre. He owned a store in the community, ran for the Quebec Legislature in 1894 & was a staunch Liberal. Image
11. Henry John Bennett (R.B. Bennett)

Henry was a shipbuilder in New Brunswick, but his business did not do well and the family was often short on money. He also attempted to work as a blacksmith, merchant and farmer. He also tried to develop a gypsum mine. Image
10. John King (William Lyon Mackenzie King)

John was a lawyer who had a struggling practice in Berlin (now Kitchener), Ontario. Despite barely making ends meet, he employed servants and tutors in the home. King described his father as providing a happy home. Image
9. Joseph Meighen (Arthur Meighen)

Joseph owned a dairy farm near St. Mary's, Ontario and Arthur said his father instilled in him the value of an education & the importance of habits of industry and thrift.

No picture found.
8. Andrew Borden (Sir Robert Borden)

Andrew was a farmer. He was called by his son, a man of good ability and excellent judgement, who was calm and philosophical. He added he lacked energy & had no aptitude for affairs.

No picture found.
7. Carolus Laurier (Sir Wilfrid Laurier)

Carolus was bilingual and dynamic. He instilled in Wilfrid an interest in politics from an early age. He had several hobbies including astronomy & mathematics. He also served as mayor of the community and a local inventor. Image
6. Charles Tupper Sr. (Sir Charles Tupper)

Charles was the co-pastor of a Baptist Church in Amherst, Nova Scotia. He was also an accomplished Biblical scholar and wrote two books on Biblical Scriptures.

No picture found.
5. John Bowell (Sir Mackenzie Bowell)

John emigrated to Canada with his family when Mackenzie was 10. He worked as a cabinet maker and taught that trade to his son.

No picture found.
4. John Sparrow Thompson (Sir John Sparrow David Thompson)

John made his son recite poetry at school ceremonies and meetings of the Halifax Mechanics' Institute in order to overcome his shyness. He also taught his son shorthand.

No picture found.
3. Joseph Abbott (Sir John Abbott)

Joseph was a prominent Anglican missionary and he wrote two books, one about emigrating to Canada and another that was his memoirs.
His great-great grandson was Christopher Plummer. Image
2. Alexander Mackenzie Sr. (Alexander Mackenzie)

Alexander was a carpenter and ship's joiner who moved frequently for work during the Napoleonic Wars. He died suddenly when his son was only 13, forcing Alexander to end his education to support the family.

No picture found.
1. Hugh Macdonald (Sir John A. Macdonald)

Hugh was an unsuccessful merchant in Glasgow, forcing a move to Upper Canada when John was a child. Hugh then operated a series of businesses in Upper Canada & became the magistrate for Midland District.

No picture found.

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More from @CraigBaird

Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 23
I have covered many aspects of Canada's border history in the past week.
Today, I am exploring why the Canadian border with Alaska extends so far south along the Pacific Coast and how the decision led to a desire for greater Canadian independence from Britain.

🧵1/13 The image is a map of Alaska and parts of Canada, showing geographical features like the Arctic and Pacific Oceans, the Yukon Territory, and British Columbia. Key locations such as Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau are marked, along with national parks like Denali and Glacier Bay. A red circle highlights the southeastern region, including Juneau and the Alexander Archipelago.
The issue of the border dates back to 1825 when Russia (who owned Alaska at the time) signed the Treaty of Saint Petersburg with Britain. The treaty only focused on the coastal area as the interior was mountainous and of little interest to either country.

🧵2/13 This is a vintage map of Alaska, titled "Map of Alaska," showing detailed topography with shaded relief. It highlights the Arctic Circle, major rivers like the Tanana and Yukon, and mountain ranges. The map includes surrounding areas like the Bering Sea, Arctic Ocean, and parts of Canada, with an inset of the Bering Strait. The scale is in miles and kilometers, and longitude is marked west from Greenwich.
On March 30, 1867, the United States bought the entire Alaska region from Russia. With the purchase, the United States hoped to claim territory from Alaska down to Mexico and control the entire Pacific Coast.
That hope ended when British Columbia joined Canada in 1871.

🧵3/13 The image depicts a historical painting of several men in formal 19th-century attire gathered in a room, discussing a large globe and maps. The setting includes American and Russian flags, a chandelier, and a green carpet with a cross pattern. The men appear to be engaged in a significant diplomatic or political discussion, possibly related to the Alaska Purchase.
Read 14 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 17
We have looked at the USA-Canada border through the Great Lakes and along the 49th Parallel.
Today, it is time to find out why there is an odd blip west of Lake Superior and east of Manitoba.
This is the story of the Northwest Angle.

🧵1/12 The photo is a map highlighting the Northwest Angle, a unique geographical area in Minnesota, USA, that extends into Lake of the Woods and is the only part of the contiguous United States north of the 49th parallel. The map also shows nearby locations such as Elm Point, Muskrat Bay, and parts of Manitoba and Ontario, Canada. The Northwest Angle is marked with an arrow, emphasizing its position relative to the surrounding regions and the international border.
The Northwest Angle is farther north than any part of the Contiguous United States.
The area covers 197 square kilometres, and it all comes down to treaties negotiated between the United Kingdom and the United States centuries ago.

🧵2/12 The photo is a satellite image of the Northwest Angle, a distinctive region in Minnesota, USA, that protrudes northward into Lake of the Woods, making it the northernmost point of the contiguous United States. The image shows the international border between the United States and Canada, with the Northwest Angle and Angle Inlet labeled within the U.S. portion. Lake of the Woods, a large body of water, dominates the central part of the image, surrounded by green landmasses. The image includes a scale indicating distances up to 10 kilometers and highlights the natural landscape with varying s...
In 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed by the UK and USA. This treaty recognized American independence and created an agreement on the border between the USA and British North America from the Atlantic to the Mississippi.

🧵3/12 The photo depicts a historical painting of a group of men in 18th-century attire gathered in a formal room, engaged in a significant event. They are surrounded by tables with documents, chairs, and a large American flag with crossed swords on the wall. The scene captures a moment of deliberation or signing, with some men standing and others seated, in a setting with red curtains and wooden paneling.
Read 13 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 16
On this day in 1985, hockey great Eddie Shore died of liver cancer.
He was such a legend that he was name-dropped in Slap Shot. Shore was one of the greatest NHL players ever...and one of the meanest on the ice.
Let's learn more about the Edmonton Express!

🧵1/12 The image is a black-and-white photograph of a person wearing a hockey jersey with the text "Boston Bruins" and the team's bear logo prominently displayed on the front. The jersey features horizontal stripes on the sleeves and body. The background is plain, focusing attention on the person and their attire.
Shore was born in Fort Qu'Appelle and grew up in Cupar, SK. Shore played his first organized hockey with the Cupar Canucks and then the Melville Millionaires.
In 1926, he started his professional career with the Regina Capitals, before playing for the Edmonton Eskimos.

🧵2/12 The image is a black-and-white photograph of a person wearing a vintage hockey jersey with the word "MILLIONAIRES" written on it. The jersey features horizontal stripes, and the person is standing among others, some of whom also wear similar jerseys. The background is plain, focusing on the players and their uniforms.
In 1926-27, he debuted with the Boston Bruins, leading the league in penalty minutes (136 in 41 games) in his first season.
From his very first game, Shore became known for his toughness on the ice and his refusal to back down from anyone, including teammates.

🧵3/12 The image is a black-and-white photograph of a person wearing a hockey jersey with a prominent "B" on the front, likely indicating the Boston Bruins team. The background appears to be an indoor arena with tiered seating. The person's jersey features horizontal stripes, typical of older hockey uniforms.
Read 13 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 16
Before the dynasties, Richard, Beliveau, Lafleur and Roy, the Montreal Canadiens were in trouble.
The team nearly moved to Cleveland, and then nearly folded. But one man helped save them...Conn Smythe.
Let's learn how Montreal almost lost the Canadiens!

🧵1/12 The photo is a black-and-white image of a vintage hockey team, featuring players wearing early 20th-century uniforms with the "CH" logo, indicative of the Montreal Canadiens. The team is posed in two rows, with the front row seated and holding hockey sticks, and the back row standing. The goalkeeper is distinguishable by his larger leg pads and distinct equipment. The background shows a brick wall with large windows, suggesting an indoor or rink setting.
In the early-1930s, the Canadiens were riding high. From 1927-28 to 1931-32, the team finished first four times and won two Stanley Cups.
At the time, the team was stacked with Hall of Famers such as Howie Morenz, Aurèle Joliat, Sylvio Mantha and George Hainsworth.

🧵2/12 This is a black-and-white photograph of Howie Morenz, standing against a textured backdrop, likely a curtain or fabric. The player is dressed in an early 20th-century hockey uniform, which includes a sweater with the "CH" logo, identifying him as a member of the Montreal Canadiens. The sweater has horizontal white stripes on the sleeves and a white band across the chest, with the "CH" prominently centered. He is wearing large, padded hockey gloves and holding a wooden hockey stick in his right hand, with the blade resting on the ground. His shorts are knee-length, and he...
But even The Great Depression could bring down greatness.
It was going to bring an end to several franchises such as the Ottawa Senators and Montreal Maroons, and it nearly did the same to the Montreal Canadiens.
Despite the team doing well, crowd sizes were small.

🧵3/12 The photo is a black-and-white image of an ice hockey game in progress, featuring two players near the goalpost with a goalkeeper defending. The scene is set in an indoor rink with a large crowd seated in the stands, and a referee is visible in the background. The image has a vintage feel, likely from the mid-20th century.
Read 13 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 15
A few days ago, I looked at how the international border through The Great Lakes was determined.
But what about the border west of Lake Superior?
It took decades to determine and wasn't just "drawn with a ruler by some guy".
Let's learn more!

🧵1/13 The photo shows a grassy, open landscape with a clear blue sky dotted with a few wispy clouds. The terrain appears to be a mix of tall, dry grass and patches of dirt, suggesting a rural or prairie setting. A narrow dirt path or road stretches across the scene from left to right, dividing the landscape. In the foreground, there is a vertical marker or signpost standing in the grass. The sign has text on it, with the most prominent words being "UNITED STATES AND CANADA" written vertically in large, bold letters. Below this, there is smaller text, likely providing additional informat...
The 49th parallel border begins west of the Northwest Angle, a blip on the border that gives Minnesota part of the Lake of the Woods.
That 197 sq-km area came about due to treaties and a limited understanding of the geography west of Lake Superior.

🧵2/13 The image is a map highlighting a specific geographical area near the border between the United States and Canada. The map shows parts of Minnesota in the United States and Manitoba and Ontario in Canada. Key locations are labeled, including: Northwest Angle, which is situated in the northern part of Minnesota, extending into a body of water. Elm Point, located slightly to the southwest of Northwest Angle, near the border. Muskeg Bay, positioned near Elm Point. Lake of the Woods, a large lake that dominates the central part of the map, with Northwest Angle protruding into it.
The 49th parallel border runs from the Strait of Georgia in the west to the Lake of the Woods.
It extends for 2,030 kilometres.
Having this as a border was first proposed before the United States even existed, back in 1714 by the Hudson's Bay Company.

🧵3/13 The image is a map of a portion of North America, focusing on the border region between the United States and Canada. The map highlights the 49th parallel, which is marked with a red dashed line running horizontally across the map. This parallel serves as a significant portion of the border between the two countries. Key features on the map include: Point Roberts, located on the far western side of the map, just south of the 49th parallel. It is a small exclave of the United States, surrounded by water and Canadian territory, accessible by land only through Canada. Lake of the Woods, situa...
Read 14 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 12
From 1973 to 2022, Canada and Denmark were at war.
Over the course of the war, several soldiers on both sides were wounded....by hangovers. And it was all fought over a tiny island the size of a city block.
Let's learn about The Whisky War!

🧵1/16 The photo shows two side-by-side images. The left image depicts a group of people in military-style camouflage uniforms raising a Canadian flag on a pole surrounded by rocks, with a helicopter in the background. The right image shows a group of individuals, some in red uniforms and one in a dark coat, standing in front of a Danish flag on a pole, with a frozen landscape and mountains in the background.
Hans Island is a tiny island, 1.3 square kilometres in size, located between Ellesmere Island and Greenland.
It has no trees, no grass and is not inhabited.
The island is in the territory of the Inuit, who have visited it periodically over the centuries.

🧵2/16 The image is a map showing a portion of the Arctic region, specifically focusing on the area between Canada and Greenland. The map highlights two islands: Ellesmere Island, which is part of Canada, and Hans Island, located between Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Ellesmere Island is labeled and marked with a black dot, while Hans Island is marked with a small circle and labeled in blue. The map also includes a small inset in the top right corner showing the broader Arctic region, with a dot indicating the location of this area within the Arctic Circle. The map is sourced from the BBC, as ind...
The first-known Europeans reached the island in 1853 when a Danish expedition arrived. The island was named for an Inuk man on the expedition Hans Hendrik. He saved several men on the expedition when they journeyed too far from the ship on the ice.

🧵3/16 The image is a black-and-white illustration of a person wearing a fur hat and a heavy coat with a high collar, suitable for cold weather. The style suggests an older, possibly historical depiction, with detailed cross-hatching for shading.
Read 17 tweets

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