SARS-CoV-2-related pangolin coronavirus GX_P2V(short_3UTR) can cause 100% mortality in human ACE2-transgenic mice, potentially attributable to late-stage brain infection.
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Omicron mutations 1. Immunoselection K427N; G446S; E484A 2. Proliferation in immunosuppressed patients
NTD deletions around 144, 478K, 484A, 501Y 3. Adaptation to in vitro culture
H655Y 4. Hijacking of host sequences
Presence of host derived RNA insertion from human TMEM245 gene
@jbloom_lab noted
that Omicron has 3 mutations in Spike that are strongly associated with antibody selection in humans (K427N; G446S; E484A). Thus, it has been suggested that immune selection pressure was one of the contributing forces to the evolution of the Omicron.
@DrJLi noted
Interesting to note that several of the key mutations in omicron (NTD deletions around 144, 478K, 484A, 501Y) emerged independently in the immunosuppressed patient that we studied together nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
1. Immunoselection step. @jbloom_lab noted that Omicron has 3 mutations in Spike that are strongly associated with antibody selection in humans (K427N; G446S; E484A). Thus, immune selection pressure was one of the contributing forces to the evolution of the Omicron.
K417, E484 & G446 were among sites of strongest escape from each of 3 classes of RBD antibodies. When @AllieGreaney@tylernstarr trying to pick mutations w biggest effect on antibody escape, they picked those sites
2. Proliferation in immunocompromised patients. @DrJLi noted that several of the key mutations in omicron (NTD deletions around 144, 478K, 484A, 501Y) emerged independently in the immunosuppressed patient that we studied nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
Some of distinguishing features of this contagion that make the eventual outcomes uncerain: 1. Relatively high prevalence of #LongCovid, including brain pathology-related didorders; this phenomenon has been documented even in patients with mild disease;
2. Nearly ubiquitous expression in human body of the receptor for virus entry in human cells, ACE2; among other, notable target cells range from salivary gland, brain, endothelial & immune cells; male germ cells;
3. Co-localization on membranes of human cells of the ACE2 and protease FURIN, which markedly enhance the efficiency of viral entry by selective cleavage of the viral Spike protein; 4. Delta variant evolved to enhance infection efficiency by promoting cell fusion;
Single cell genomics & epigenetics identify stem cell like cancers: Genomics-Guided Drawing of Molecular and Pathophysiological Components of Malignant Regulatory Signatures Reveals a Pivotal Role in Human Diseases of Stem Cell-Associated Retroviral frontiersin.org/article/10.338…
Single cell genomics & epigenetics studies highlight limitations of a prevailing concept viewing all cancers as mutations-initiated/mutations-accumulating slowly progressing malignancies. frontiersin.org/article/10.338…
Genomics & epigenetics of naive & primed states of hESC reveals a global role of defined retroviral elements in human diseases & identifies diagnostic & therapeutic targets for stem cell like clinically lethal cancers frontiersin.org/article/10.338…