The situation around Kinmen is escalating, says @GordianKnotRay, as China launches a “gray-zone assault.”
“China has seized on this as an opportunity to increase patrols—so this shows us how China uses pretext as a method for advancing its strategic objectives.”
To celebrate the Lunar New Year, China sent a record-setting 16 weather-spy balloons over & around Taiwan in 2 days.
The balloon barrage—a direct attack on Taiwan’s sovereignty—slowed compared to January (26 total vs 57). Since the first on 7 Dec, 90 balloons have been tracked.
After a spike around Taiwan’s presidential election in January, PLA air activity is down year-over-year:
PLA naval activity is a different story. The 305 warships monitored by Taiwan's defense ministry to date in 2024 represent a 40% increase over last year.
There's been a considerable & sustained increase in the tempo of operations since major exercises in April 2023.
A group of Congressmen visited Taiwan last week, which drew a “stronger than usual response” from Beijing.
China went so far as to publicly demand the U.S. stop any official contact with Taiwan following the trip.
The high-profile delegation of hawkish U.S. lawmakers met with the current & future President of Taiwan.
I've been watching for any heightened military operations—if Beijing matches words with deeds. So far, I haven’t seen much besides a brief uptick yesterday.
Many developments in the cyber domain, which @TheStudyofWar outlines in great detail.
- Unprecedented leak offers insight into cyber capabilities & influence ops
- Increased Chinese cyberattacks in the hours before Taiwan’s election
- Critical U.S. infrastructure compromised
@TheStudyofWar Taiwan expressed anger after China “unilaterally” changed a flight path close to the median line in the Strait, saying it’s a deliberate attempt to change the status quo for possible military means.
“It is trying to completely eliminate & deny the existence of the median line.”
@TheStudyofWar “It’s part of the pattern of gradually altering the status quo in the Taiwan Strait, seeing what they can get away with & shifting to a new normal—restricting Taiwan’s space to move,” a source told Reuters.
China announced two high-profile leadership changes:
• Admiral Hu Zhongming appointed Commander of the People’s Liberation Army Navy
• Hu’s predecessor, Admiral Dong Jun, named Defense Minister
“Embodying Xi’s requirement that his armed forces prepare credible warfighting capabilities, Hu & Dong are the latest in a trend of PLAN leaders bringing increasing operational expertise & focus.”
@TheStudyofWar A few notes from new ISW report:
- Succinct summary of Kinmen situation
- PRC increased deployment of research vessels within 24 nautical miles
- KMT visit may legitimize back channel negotiations
- Beijing’s rhetoric “took on a distinctly bellicose tone compared to last year”
“The PRC uses such tactics in tandem with near-daily air & naval violations of Taiwan’s ADIZ, Chinese Coast Guard patrols near Kinmen & Matsu, adjustment of civilian flight routes to fly closer to Taiwan, & balloon flights through Taiwan’s airspace to wear down Taiwan’s threat awareness & resources, forcing it to be selective in which perceived incursions it chooses to respond to.
Blurring the lines between military & civilian activities also has the effect of making it more difficult for Taiwan to determine which activities are potential threats.” @TheStudyofWar
@TheStudyofWar 👀 First reports of U.S. permanently stationing military personnel in Taiwan.
Worst kept secret—President Tsai became the first president in 40 years to acknowledge U.S. troops deployed in country.
Caveats: single unconfirmed source (UDN) & “no comments” from MND
Multiple sources reporting the permanent stationing of U.S. troops in Taiwan.
“Following the implementation of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (NDAA) in the U.S., American military advisors have begun being permanently stationed in Army amphibious bases in Kinmen & Penghu this year.
When asked by Taiwan News to comment on the report, the Ministry of National Defense (MND) stated that the content of the NDAA is aimed at assisting Taiwan in developing comprehensive training & institutionalized capabilities.
“Exchanges with foreign militaries will carried out according to annual plans, & no comments will be made on the details of such activities,” stated the ministry.
Great coverage by @keverington
Spike in PLA air activity—
Back-to-back double-digit days of Chinese incursions into Taiwan’s air defense ID zone represent the largest 2-day violation of the year.
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Notable developments in the Indo-Pacific last week:
- China conducted back-to-back joint combat patrols 24nm from Taiwan on the same day for the first time
- 59 PLA aircraft detected around Taiwan + 43 entered its ADIZ on Monday, largest single-day surge of 2025 + highest in 5 months
- Recent PLA military drills in the Taiwan Strait, Western Pacific, South China Sea, East China Sea, + Yellow/Bohai Sea
- New Shuiqiao landing barges carrying out docking trials with civil-military RO-RO ferries
- Elevated PLA drone activity, including WZ-10 + GJ-2
Taiwan recently wrapped up a week of “Rapid Response Exercises,” practicing tactical maneuvers, key asset protection, concealment, and cover operations to enhance readiness and response capabilities. MND said: “ROC Armed Forces closely monitor maritime and aerial activities, conducting joint operations to track and respond to PLA incursions.”
China’s foreign ministry stated: “China’s relevant military operation is necessary, lawful and legitimate in order to defend national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity. It’s a firm response to external forces who are hellbent on abetting and aiding ‘Taiwan independence,’ and a warning to ‘Taiwan independence’ separatist forces’ unconscionable acts... Those who attempt to use Taiwan to contain China will get burned for playing with fire.”
More info and sources below:
Review of Chinese PLA military activity 2025 year-to-date:
On 17 March, Taiwan detected 59 PLA aircraft around the island, and 43 crossed into its Air Defense ID Zone (ADIZ) — the largest single-day surge of 2025 and highest in 5 months.
Many rumors circulating about U.S. aircraft carriers.
Here’s an update on all 11 🇺🇸
• 3x deployed: Truman in Red Sea, Vinson in WESTPAC, Washington forward in Japan
• 4x active/available: Ford completing COMPTUEX in the Atlantic, Lincoln & Roosevelt in San Diego, Nimitz in Bremerton
• 1x sea trials: Bush in the Atlantic
• 3x maintenance: Reagan in Puget Sound, Ike in Norfolk, Stennis in Newport News
American carriers frequently conduct routine operations off the coast of the U.S. - just because one leaves port does not mean it’s on deployment.
Ford is next up on the east coast but must first complete COMPTUEX training, & Nimitz has been conducting pre-deployment training off the west coast.
Senior U.S. officials @__CJohnston__ spoke with expect a deployment extension for Truman in CENTCOM. There is precedent to move a CSG from the Indo-Pacific to the Middle East, so Vinson could be sent in that direction if need be. In a surge scenario, Roosevelt & Lincoln are also available.
At this time, the U.S. Navy has not announced any new deployments. More info & sources below.
The Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group (HSTCSG) is in the Red Sea currently conducting its 3rd day of strike operations against the Iranian-backed Houthi in Yemen.
On Saturday, 15 March, U.S. Central Command executed a series of precision strikes against Iranian-backed Houthi targets across Yemen to “defend American interests, deter enemies, & restore freedom of navigation.”
China has really ratcheted up the bellicose rhetoric recently with warnings, threats, and ultimatums:
• “If war is what the U.S. wants, be it a tariff war, a trade war or any other type of war, we’re ready to fight till the end.”
• “We will come and get you [Taiwan], sooner or later... We make no promise to renounce the use of force.”
• “Rubio’s remarks are steeped in the Cold-War mentality and full of lies and false accusations. The Taiwan question is the most crucial, sensitive and explosive issue in the China-U.S. relations. If the U.S. does not hope to trigger confrontation, they must stop crossing or trampling on the red line.”
• “Anyone who dares to push for ‘Taiwan independence’ will certainly face swift and strong countermeasures from the PLA. And we warn some individuals of the U.S. side: playing sneaky tricks on Taiwan would only backfire.”
• “We warn the [Taiwan] DPP authorities that holding back the tide with a broom will only end up in self-destruction... In the face of the prevailing trend of China’s reunification, any petty tricks by the DPP authorities are futile. Being too cunning by half will end up costing its life. As the PLA has pointed out multiple times, seeking ‘Taiwan independence’ is a dead end. For those who are hopelessly stubborn, let them crash headlong into the harsh reality.”
• “We urge the U.S. to immediately correct its wrongdoings, abide by the one-China principle and three China-U.S. joint communiqués, handle the Taiwan question with extra prudence, stop using Taiwan to contain China, stop upgrading its substantive relations with Taiwan, stop helping Taiwan expand so-called ‘international space,’ stop emboldening and supporting ‘Taiwan independence,’ and avoid further severe damage to China-U.S. relations and peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.”
More info, updates, and sources below.
Beijing’s response after the U.S. State Department removed the phrase “we do not support Taiwan independence” from its website:
🚨 China intensified its military presence & activity near Taiwan in Feb, significantly outpacing previous years
- 362 PLA aircraft entered Taiwan’s ADIZ (4x more than 2024 & 5th highest on record)
- 223 navy warships tracked (+42%)
- 5x joint combat readiness patrols
Thread:
The rapid pace of PLA military activity around Taiwan I covered in my January report continued through February, once again surpassing 2023 and 2024 levels.
Read the January review here, and see below for the February report.
The PLA has deployed in strength across the Indo-Pacific, with a task force currently circumnavigating Australia for the first time and two amphibious surface action groups operating in WESTPAC and the South China Sea.
During February, the PLA held live-fire/shooting exercises in the Western Pacific, South China Sea, Tasman Sea, Gulf of Tonkin/Beibu Gulf, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea.
🚨 Major Chinese military activity in the Indo-Pacific
- Launched snap live-fire drills 40 nautical miles from Taiwan
- Conducted unannounced live-fire drills between Australia & New Zealand
- Deployed 2x surface action groups led by Type 075 big deck amphibious assault ships 🧵
“The PLA has blatantly violated international norms by unilaterally designating a drill zone 40 NM off the coast of Kaohsiung and Pingtung, claiming to conduct live-fire exercises without prior warning.”
The 3-ship PLA Navy Task Force 107 recently conducted two days of live-fire drills in between Australia and New Zealand. This is the furthest south a PLAN group has ever operated.