Institute for the Study of War Profile picture
Mar 27, 2024 20 tweets 4 min read Read on X
Russia cannot defeat Ukraine or the West – and will likely lose - if the West mobilizes its resources to resist the Kremlin.

That the war is unwinnable due to Russia’s dominance is a Kremlin information operation & a glimpse into Russia's real strategy & only hope of success.🧵Image
2/ The Kremlin must get the United States to the sidelines, allowing Russia to fight Ukraine in isolation and then proceed to Moscow’s next targets, which Russia will also seek to isolate.
3/ The Kremlin needs the United States to choose inaction and embrace the false inevitability that Russia will prevail in Ukraine.

Vladimir Putin’s center of gravity is his ability to shape the will and decisions of the West, Ukraine, and Russia itself.
4/ The strategy that matters most, therefore, is not Moscow’s warfighting strategy, but the Kremlin’s strategy to cause us to see the world as it wishes us to see it and make decisions in that Kremlin-generated alternative reality that will allow Russia to win in the real world.
5/ Those whose perspective aligns with the Kremlin’s are not ipso facto Russian dupes. The Kremlin links genuine sentiment and even some legitimate arguments to Russia’s interests in public debate.
6/ The Kremlin is also an equal opportunity manipulator. It targets the full spectrum of those making or informing decisions. It partially succeeds on every side of the political spectrum.
7/ Perception manipulation is one of the Kremlin’s core capabilities — now unleashed with full force onto the Western public as the Kremlin’s only strategy for winning in Ukraine. That is not a challenge most societies are equipped to contend with.
8/ The US has the power to deny Russia its only strategy for success, nevertheless. The US has allowed Russia to play an outsized role in shaping American decision-making, but the US has also made many sound choices regarding Russia’s war in Ukraine.
9/ The key successes achieved by Ukraine and its partners in this war have resulted from strategic clarity. Lost opportunities on the battlefield, on the other hand, have resulted from the West’s failure to connect ground truths to our interests quickly enough to act.
10/ Fortunately, the US faces an easier task in overcoming the Kremlin's manipulations than Russia does in closing the massive gap between Russia's war aims and its capabilities. The US must surge its support to Ukraine, and it must do so in time.
11/ Delays come at the cost of Ukrainian lives, increased risk of failure in Ukraine, & the erosion of the US advantage over Russia, granting the Kremlin time to rebuild & develop capabilities that it intends to use against the West - likely on a shorter timeline than the West assesses.
12/ The US must defeat Russia’s efforts to alter American will and decision-making for reasons that transcend Ukraine.
13/ For the US to deter, win, or help win any future war, US decisions must be timely, and connected to our interests, values, and ground truth, but above all – these decisions must be ours.
14/ Read "Denying Russia’s Only Strategy for Success," by @nataliabugayova and @FredWKagan with @KatStepanenko: isw.pub/DenyingRussia0…

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More from @TheStudyofWar

Apr 4
MORE 🧵(1/5) | US and Israeli Air Campaign: The combined force killed an IRGC Aerospace officer on April 1 as part of the decapitation campaign against Iranian military officials.

The combined force struck a likely IRGC Ground Forces munitions depot in Esfahan Province as part of its effort to degrade Iranian internal security institutions.

The combined force struck the Laser and Plasma Research Institute (LAPRI) on April 3, which is a specialized research center at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran Province. The Shahid Beheshti University plays a role in Iranian nuclear weapons research and development, including researching centrifuge cascades, uranium separation, and neutron transport.

The combined force struck underground fuel storage tanks at two Artesh Tactical Air Bases (TAB), including the 8th TAB in Esfahan Province and the 10th TAB in Sistan and Baluchistan Province.Image
2/ Iranian Response: Iran has launched at least nine missiles targeting Israel since ISW-CTP’s last data cut off on April 2. This figure is estimated from IDF and Israeli media reports about IDF-issued missile detections and interceptions. Iran launched the missiles in eight waves of attacks, which suggests that most of the launches only contained one or two missiles. This rate is consistent with recent Iranian launch rates targeting Israel over the past few weeks, but Iran has fired slightly fewer barrages targeting Israel in the past three days.Image
3/ Iranian strikes and intercepted fragments damaged several Gulf energy facilities on April 3. Iran continues to target Gulf energy infrastructure, which is part of the Iranian effort to drive up global energy prices and coerce the Gulf states into pressuring the United States and Israel to end their campaign.

Iran fired slightly more projectiles targeting the UAE on April 3 than on any day within the last week. Iran fired 47 drones, 18 ballistic missiles, and four cruise missiles targeting the UAE and killed at least one person. The volume of Iranian missile and drone fire targeting the UAE this week is about less than half of the volumes that Iran fired during the first week of the war, however (see graph below). The drop in volume after the first week of the war is likely the result of combined force strikes targeting Iranian missile and drone assets.Image
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Read 5 tweets
Mar 15
NEW | Special Report: The war in Iran is currently in a phase in which the military trajectory is relatively positive: the United States is steadily destroying Iran’s ability to use its most essential tool in the war — drone and missile attacks — which in turn underpin the entire Iranian strategy.

Iran has still done some damage to US forces, and it is still firing drones and missiles, though the overall attack rate is slowly decreasing. These attacks still pale in comparison to the major attacks Iran sought to conduct in an existential war and have caused neither operationally significant damage nor widespread casualties.

The US-Israeli combined force will need time to achieve its military objectives and prevent Iran from inflicting further political and economic pain upon the United States and its allies in the region, but the campaign remains incomplete, and it is too soon to forecast its outcome. Declaring it an operational failure is unquestionably premature.Image
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2/ Read the full special report: isw.pub/IranWarSRX
Read 4 tweets
Mar 1
BREAKING: The combined US-Israeli force appears to be increasing its targeting of the Iranian internal security apparatus after killing Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on February 28. The targeting of internal security institutions is consistent with the United States and Israel’s stated objective of toppling the Iranian regime. (1/3)
2/ The Israel Defense Forces struck the Sarallah Headquarters in Tehran, which is responsible for security in Tehran and plays a significant role in suppressing internal dissent.

The combined force also struck the Law Enforcement Command (LEC) Headquarters in Tehran. The LEC is the regime's first line of defense against protests.
3/ The combined force reportedly struck Basij bases in Kermanshah and Tehran, including a base that was reportedly involved in the suppression of the December 2025-January 2026 protests.

The targeting of Iranian internal security institutions could degrade Iranian security forces’ ability and willingness to quell potential internal unrest against the regime.
Read 4 tweets
Dec 30, 2025
NEW: The Kremlin accused Ukraine of conducting a long-range drone strike targeting Russian President Vladimir Putin’s residence in Novgorod Oblast on December 29. 🧵(1/3)

The circumstances of this alleged strike do not conform to the pattern of observed evidence when Ukrainian forces conduct strikes into Russia.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky refuted the alleged strike against Putin’s residence in Novgorod Oblast and warned that Russia will use this claim to justify strikes against Kyiv City and Ukrainian government buildings.

The Kremlin may intend to use this claimed strike to justify its rejection of any peace proposals that come out of recent bilateral US-Ukrainian and multilateral US-Ukrainian-European talks.

Other Key Takeaways ⬇️Image
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2/ Russian President Vladimir Putin and high-ranking Russian military commanders held another meeting to aggrandize tactical details and create the false impression that the front lines across Ukraine are on the verge of collapse.

Pro-war Russian ultranationalist milbloggers are publicly acknowledging that the Russian military command’s claims are exaggerated.

Russian forces continue to commit war crimes in the Hulyaipole and Pokrovsk directions.

Several dozen Belarusian smuggling balloons illegally entered Polish airspace, and Polish aircraft intercepted a Russian reconnaissance aircraft near the international border overnight on December 24 to December 25.Image
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3/ Ukrainian forces recently advanced near Siversk, Oleksandrivka, and Hulyaipole. Russian forces recently advanced in western Zaporizhia Oblast, in the Dobropillya tactical area, and near Pokrovsk. Image
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Read 4 tweets
Aug 16, 2025
NEW: US President Donald Trump met with Russian President Vladimir Putin at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Anchorage, Alaska, on August 15. In a joint press conference, Putin addressed the crowd first and spoke in Russian, reiterating several long-standing Kremlin information operations about the war in Ukraine, Russian history, and the US-Russia relationship.

Putin said nothing to indicate that he has moderated either his war aims or his willingness to compromise on them and reiterated language he has used since 2021 to justify Russia's aggression against Ukraine.

Trump stated that the United States and Russia did not come to a firm agreement about the war in Ukraine.

Russia conducted drone and missile strikes in Ukraine in the hours before the August 15 Alaska summit, causing civilian casualties and damage to civilian infrastructure.

Other Key Takeaways ⬇️Image
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2/ Ukrainian officials continue to indicate that Ukrainian counterattacks are stabilizing the situation east and northeast of Dobropillya (northwest of Pokrovsk).

The Russian military command is reportedly trying to redeploy forces and means to reinforce and exploit the penetration near Dobropillya but has so far been unsuccessful.

ISW continues to assess that Russia's use of drone strikes to generate battlefield air interdiction (BAI) effects in the Ukrainian near rear is severely hindering Ukrainian evacuation efforts in the Pokrovsk-Dobropillya area.Image
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3/ Ukraine continued its long-range drone strike campaign against Russian military and energy infrastructure overnight on August 14 to 15.

Ukrainian forces recently advanced near Toretsk, and Russian forces recently advanced near Pokrovsk and Velykomykhailivka. Image
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Read 4 tweets
Aug 15, 2025
NEW: Russian and US officials further clarified the details of the upcoming August 15 Alaska summit. 🧵(1/4)

Other Key Takeaways:

The Kremlin is likely to use the Alaska summit to try to deflect attention away from peace negotiations with Ukraine and towards the Russia-US relationship in order to court the Trump administration into offering Moscow sorely needed economic rapprochement.

The Kremlin is coming to Alaska with a severely weakened domestic economy, which affords the Trump administration significant leverage during the summit.

US President Donald Trump expressed concerns about the success of a potential secondary meeting between Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and Russian President Vladimir Putin.

The Kremlin is also likely to try to distract from the war in Ukraine by pressuring the Trump administration to engage in bilateral arms control talks at the Alaska summit.Image
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2/ Russian forces have yet to reinforce and consolidate positions east and northeast of Dobropillya, and Ukrainian and Russian sources reported that Ukrainian reinforcements are stabilizing the situation.

ISW continues to assess that Russian forces do not control the territory east and northeast of Dobropillya where Russian forces recently infiltrated.Image
3/ The United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN OHCHR) reported that the July 2025 civilian casualties from Russia's war against Ukraine were the highest on record since May 2022.

Ukraine's European partners continue to provide military aid to Ukraine, including through the purchase of US weapons.

Ukraine and Russia conducted their 67th prisoner exchange of the war on August 14.

Ukrainian forces struck a large oil refinery in Volgograd Oblast on the night of August 13 to 14.

Ukrainian forces recently advanced in Sumy Oblast and near Lyman, and Russian forces recently advanced near Velykomykhailivka.Image
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Read 4 tweets

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