Rashid Abdi Profile picture
Feb 5 5 tweets 2 min read Read on X
I have been interviewing a number of regional military experts on significance of Turkey's deployment of three F-16 Vipers in Somalia and here is the gist of the broad consensus:

💠F-16s are powerful tools designed for sophisticated, conventional conflict. Lethal in degrading static enemy frontlines, assets, defences, installations. In rural and urban asymmetric warfare, where there is no fixed frontline, their efficacy 'highly circumscribed.' F-16s are labour intensive, medium-range, require more fuel, special runways. One expert says drones are cheaper, perhaps more effective and versatile than F-16s in the type of guerilla warfare now raging in Somalia.Image
💠As tools for interdicting unauthorised aircraft/deter airspace intrusion they could be effective, and are specially designed for 'dog fights.' But 3 F-16s cannot effectively police a large airspace, and even less enforce a 'no-fly zone.' That would require a larger fleet, a network of runways and logistical hubs to repair, refit, refuel, in addition to greater manpower.
💠The main purpose for the deployment of the F-16s is to respond quickly to specific conventional ground and aerial threats against specific strategic/key installations, troop positions. In tandem with helicopter gunships, F-16s can deliver massive kinetic force and with extraordinary speed.
💠On reconnaissance, the jets have superior ISR capabilities and can cover long distances quickly. Drawback is cost. Drones are getting better and can deliver better imagery at relatively lower costs. In fact, on this point, one said the Akinci UAV is more dependable.
💠Based on some of these considerations it would seem the Turkish F-16s will play minimal role in defending Mogadishu or prosecuting the campaign against Al-Shabaab. These jets serve a powerful symbolic function: they project superior might, aim to reassure even when in reality they cannot change the dynamic of the war in any significant way.

"These shiny toys alone cannot change the battlefield or alter the course of the war," said one.

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More from @RAbdiAnalyst

Oct 7, 2025
🧵ANALYSIS The real secret behind the HSM-Madoobe feud

If you have a long memory - like me - you may recall Hassan Sheikh's long antipathy towards Jubaland. It started in 2013 when Jubaland was just being established with help from Kenya. Image
The fight with Jubaland, which started in HSM's first term, continues to play out today in his second term.

The script and plot remain almost the same.
HSM was opposed to the establishment of Jubaland from the start. He essentially saw it as a "Kenyan project" or a Kenyan-dominated initiative to weaken Somali sovereignty and stake claim on the Lamu Basin - a maritime territory with vast oil and gas fields.
Read 12 tweets
Jun 12, 2025
Analysis/Somalia/C6+:

On Wednesday, Somalia disavowed a forum that brings together leading international and regional partners of Somalia, among them The UN, US,UK, EU, Ethiopia, Kenya, IGAD.

Somalia declared it would no longer recognise or cooperate with the C6+ - set up to coordinate international support for Somalia's pacification and state-building and promote constitutionalism and inclusive politics.

Full statement:Image
Image
The announcement by the State Minister Ali Balcad (the de facto foreign minister, a close associate of President Hassan Sheikh) has caught many by surprise.

So what could be the key motive?
1. Villa Somalia is under intense international pressure to address country's mounting security and political crises.

The escalating electoral dispute and the apparent unwillingness of the HSM admin to engage in meaningful/serious dialogue with the opposition is especially a major concern.

By demanding bilateral engagement and voicing non-cooperation with the C6+ HSM is hoping to neuter/fend off international pressure.
Read 6 tweets
May 8, 2025
A thread on Somali federalism:

A healthy federal and democratic system allows for periodic adjustments depending on changing need and context and based on wider consensus.

But the arbitrary processes of new unilateral territorial carve-ups under the HSM regime can trigger wider instability and conflict.
The decision to declare SSC-Khatumo a federal state by Mogadishu risks to further deepen Somalia's fragmentation, upend decades of consensual federalisation and state-building.

And here are 4 reasons why:

1. Creating a new federal state is a delicate affair. Two or more regions can come together in a single federated unit but on condition this emerges out of broad regional consensus, after exhaustive consultations with all clans. Villa Somalia took a shortcut, flouted two decades of state-building tradition. The SSC admin has not consulted the Warsangeli and other resident clans in the Sool and Sanaag region, neither has it consulted with Puntland and Somaliland.
2. A detailed federal map of SSC-Khatumo has not been presented and debated and apparently does not exist. Assuming the new federal state will be based on ideas of 'ancestral homeland', then how do you square this with the overlapping 'modern' territorial and administrative claims by both Somaliland and Puntland? Does the Somali parliament have a role and oversight over the integrity of the federalisation process? Did the Somali government engage all sides to ensure overlapping claims deconflicted?
Read 5 tweets
May 4, 2025
On the Geopolitics and Geoeconomics of Somali Fragmentation.

A thread:

Today, SSC leader Firdhiye met Qatari ambassador in Mogadishu.

China, Qatar and oil industry players have in last one year developed close ties with SSC - and for different reasons.

Beijing keen to support local dissent to Somaliland, groom SSC as potential proxy to counter Taiwan's rapidly growing relations with Somaliland.Image
Qatar traditionally pro-Mogadishu, enjoys close ties with Islamist factions, opposed to UAE influence in Somaliland, Puntland and wider Red Sea arena.
Other external state and non-state actors with stakes in oil sector also keen develop relations with SSC.

Sool and Sanaag are two areas with substantial oil and gas potential onland and offshore.

Taiwan is positioning itself as potential big player in energy & mineral resources in the region.
Read 6 tweets
Apr 24, 2025
#BREAKING

A silent row is brewing between Egypt and Somalia over implementation of a military/security pact.

Cairo is believed to be upset by HSM's 'inability to stay committed to the partnership with Egypt,' according to multiple sources I spoke to.

Cairo, in fact, may have already signalled to HSM it no longer deems him a 'reliable partner' and may not actually deploy troops to Somalia as originally planned.

A thread:

*⃣Cairo had initially pledged to deploy over 1,000 special forces to the towns of Adan Yabaal and Cadaale in the Middle Shabelle to fight against Al-Shabaab.That plan has been thrown awry by the swift advance of AS across much of the Shabelle Valley. Burundian troops are withdrawing. With many of the FOBs vacated by African peacekeepers in Shabelle reverting to AS control, Cairo is increasingly nervous and just wondering whether it might not be too late.Image
*⃣ It is now clear no state or entity has stepped forward to fund the Egyptian mission to Somalia. Attempts by Somalia to seek help from Qatar, the UAE and Saudi Arabia have all not borne fruit. Cairo is severely cash-strapped despite its 'strong enthusiasm to put boots on the ground' according to sources. Without a clear funding commitment from Somalis it may not deploy troops.
*⃣Cairo was taken aback by the new Ethiopia-Somalia deal in February 2025 and the role of Turkey in brokering the deal. Egyptians now feel it is Turkey that is driving policy. Egypt's original plan was to lock out Ethiopia from Somalia. Image
Read 5 tweets
Sep 1, 2024
Gaming an Ethiopia-Egypt war (a thread)

Egypt cannot conduct direct warfare with Ethiopia. It doesn’t share a border with Horn state.

To do that will require investment in aircraft careers, long-range expeditionary strike capabilities.

Its helicopter career fleet expanding. Image
Egyptian Navy warships capable of carrying and delivering ballistic short and medium range missiles. To threaten Ethiopia its small fleet of submarines and frigates will need to move close to the Bab el-Mandeb (this explains why Egypt angered by the Ethiopia-Somaliland MoU) Image
Four states with borders with Ethiopia are crucial for Egyptian military planners and strategists – Sudan, S/Sudan, Eritrea and Somalia.

Al-Sisi has pursued an encirclement strategy targeting these states cutting defence deals with states on the Nile Basin.
Read 8 tweets

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