Four fundamental changes in the role and objectives of electricity market design and regulation imply a shift from the established energy trilemma to an energy quartet. What are the changes & what market reforms are suitable to respond to these changes at EU and MS level? (1/9) First, rather than merely focusing on affordability, the recent volatility of energy prices has broadened the focus towards reliable affordability, i.e., stable and affordable power expenditures (not prices which should continue to vary) for households and industry. (2/9)

EU needs to prepare for interruption of #gas supply. #REPowerEU proposes #gas-saving in all MS & a #pricelimit (maximum regulated price) for large-scale supply interruption. Here a short summary of the attempt to estimate the scale of the effects diw.de/de/diw_01.c.84… 1/6 How much will EU gas supply decline, if a price limit is implemented? Assume the limit is set above historic price hikes (e.g. 50 €/MWh), then all pipe and LNG producers have incentive to deliver at max capacity. 2/6

EU needs a #gas savings strategy to prepare for potential gas interruption that could result from decision on Russia’s side or an EU embargo: New study with @IsabellaMWeber @goldthau and Kacper Szulecki: diw.de/de/diw_01.c.83… 1/7 Extreme gas prices show - market participants see high risks of and from prolonged physical supply shortage. Contingency plans are required – but EU and MS security of supply regulation was designed primarily for short-term interruptions. 2/7

#Krieg in der #Ukraine hat die hohen Gaspreise nochmal verdoppelt. Europa zahlt damit an Russland voraussichtlich mehr als 200 Mrd. € für Gasimporte. Wo verbrauchen wir das Gas, und wie können wir Verbrauch, Importe und Preise 2022 reduzieren? (1/9) Mit der Hälfte des Gases heizen wir. Jedes Grad weniger Raumtemperatur spart 5% Gas, sorgfältige Einstellung der Heizungssysteme nochmal einige %. deneff.org/mehr-effizienz… Jeder kann mitmachen – Socken und Pulli an, und Heizung aus wenn niemand im Raum ist. (2/9)