Thread Reader helps you read and share Twitter threads easily!
I'm @ThreadReaderApp a Twitter bot here to help you read threads more easily. To trigger me, you just have to reply to (or quote) any tweet of the thread you want to unroll and mention me with the "unroll" keyword and I'll send you a link back on Twitter 😀
— Thread Reader App (@threadreaderapp) November 25, 2017
X thread is series of posts by the same author connected with a line!
From any post in the thread, mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll
Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us easily!
Practice here first or read more on our help page!
Recent
Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said,
“Verily, among the major sins is that a man curses his own parents.” It was said, “O Messenger of Allah, how can a man curse his own parents?” The Prophet (PBUH) said,
“Verily, among the major sins is that a man curses his own parents.” It was said, “O Messenger of Allah, how can a man curse his own parents?” The Prophet (PBUH) said,
“He insults the father of another man, and then that man insults his father and his mother.”
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5973, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 90
It was narrated from Ibn Mas’ud that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "Verbally abusing a Muslim is Fusuq (disobedience)
Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5973, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 90
It was narrated from Ibn Mas’ud that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "Verbally abusing a Muslim is Fusuq (disobedience)
and fighting him is Kufr (disbelief)."
He also said that if a person accuses another of being corrupt or a disbeliever,& the accusation is false, the label of sin returns directly to the accuser.
He also said that if a person accuses another of being corrupt or a disbeliever,& the accusation is false, the label of sin returns directly to the accuser.
1/4 So, here's what I've heard from Democratic Party sources:
1. A source tells me an NYT story is coming that is "worse than sexting but survivable" (this led to me posting squidward banging his head)
2. A different source tells me that a right-wing activist ex...
1. A source tells me an NYT story is coming that is "worse than sexting but survivable" (this led to me posting squidward banging his head)
2. A different source tells me that a right-wing activist ex...
2/4 ...is planning to "go on the record" (their words) with NYT about Platner, but they don't know what she's saying.
3. The first source tells me that the story "isn't as bad" as they initially believed. Remember, they said the story "is worse than sexting but survivable".
3. The first source tells me that the story "isn't as bad" as they initially believed. Remember, they said the story "is worse than sexting but survivable".
3/4
Conclusions: I had been operating under the assumption that both people who told me about this were talking about the same story, but now I'm thinking there might be two separate Platner stories coming and these people each heard a different one.
Conclusions: I had been operating under the assumption that both people who told me about this were talking about the same story, but now I'm thinking there might be two separate Platner stories coming and these people each heard a different one.
The treatment of biological health conditions as though they have a mental illness origin is totally unacceptable.
The Wired article, written by a professor of religion, is an ideological hit job on the very enterprise of medicine and evidence.
Par for the course for religion.
The Wired article, written by a professor of religion, is an ideological hit job on the very enterprise of medicine and evidence.
Par for the course for religion.
Medicine should aspire to have more explanatory power, evidence, and reproducibility than shamanism.
The Wired article is profoundly anti-scientific.
The Wired article is profoundly anti-scientific.
The pathophysiology of long covid is not psychogenic.
Long covid isn’t a mental illness.
It’s a multi-system disruption of endocrinology, energy systems, vasculature, and organs. This is verified in >400K studies, many indexed with MRI and biomarkers.
nature.com/articles/s4157…
Long covid isn’t a mental illness.
It’s a multi-system disruption of endocrinology, energy systems, vasculature, and organs. This is verified in >400K studies, many indexed with MRI and biomarkers.
nature.com/articles/s4157…
Marriage has six stages,
But most couples give up at stage three.
Stage 1: The Honeymoon Stage....
But most couples give up at stage three.
Stage 1: The Honeymoon Stage....
In the honeymoon stage, everything feels easy.
You both try harder.
You forgive faster. You overlook flaws because you're still learning each other.
Love feels automatic because life hasn't tested you yet.
This is where everyone wants to stay.
Everything is new. Every touch is electric.
Every conversation feels like a discovery.
The hormones are flooding your system.
You feel like you've finally found what you've been looking for.
This stage is beautiful. But it is not real. It is nature's way of bonding you before reality sets in.
You both try harder.
You forgive faster. You overlook flaws because you're still learning each other.
Love feels automatic because life hasn't tested you yet.
This is where everyone wants to stay.
Everything is new. Every touch is electric.
Every conversation feels like a discovery.
The hormones are flooding your system.
You feel like you've finally found what you've been looking for.
This stage is beautiful. But it is not real. It is nature's way of bonding you before reality sets in.
Stage 2: The Reality Stage
This is where the newness wears off.
The hormones settle.
You start to notice the things you overlooked.
He leaves his socks everywhere.
She needs more reassurance than you expected.
The conversations become less about dreams and more about logistics.
This stage is where many couples panic.
They think something has gone wrong.
Nothing has gone wrong.
You are just meeting the real person behind the chemistry.
This is where the real work begins.
This is where the newness wears off.
The hormones settle.
You start to notice the things you overlooked.
He leaves his socks everywhere.
She needs more reassurance than you expected.
The conversations become less about dreams and more about logistics.
This stage is where many couples panic.
They think something has gone wrong.
Nothing has gone wrong.
You are just meeting the real person behind the chemistry.
This is where the real work begins.
In today’s Vatnik Soup, we’ll introduce an American conspiracy theorist, podcaster & antisemite, Candace Owens (@RealCandaceO). She’s best known for spreading conspiracy theories, attacking Ukraine, promoting pro-Kremlin BS, and becoming a favorite of Russian state media.
1/21
1/21
Candace started her career as an intern at Vogue magazine but later moved into political commentary. Her early career focused on criticizing Republicans, calling their antics “bat-shit crazy.” In 2016, her blog even published an article about Trump’s penis size.
2/21
2/21
That same year, she launched a doxxing website called SocialAutopsy. In response, people began posting Owens’s personal information online. During the controversy, she gained support from figures such as @Nero and @Cernovich. And just like that, she became a conservative.
3/21
3/21
Thread
Three world leaders visited India in two weeks-
Cyprus
Myanmar
Venezuela
A Mediterranean EU chair, an isolated junta chief, a state in political limbo. All flew to New Delhi. That is not a coincidence
It is a pattern
Here is what India is actually doing
1/10
Three world leaders visited India in two weeks-
Cyprus
Myanmar
Venezuela
A Mediterranean EU chair, an isolated junta chief, a state in political limbo. All flew to New Delhi. That is not a coincidence
It is a pattern
Here is what India is actually doing
1/10
Cyprus May 20-23
Christodoulides came not just as Cyprus president. He came as sitting chair of the EU Council. The India-EU Free Trade Agreement was concluded in January 2026, covering 2 billion people. Cyprus is the EU's current chair. India used this visit to operationalize that deal fast
Christodoulides came not just as Cyprus president. He came as sitting chair of the EU Council. The India-EU Free Trade Agreement was concluded in January 2026, covering 2 billion people. Cyprus is the EU's current chair. India used this visit to operationalize that deal fast
Cyprus - what India got
A Strategic Partnership upgrade, defence MoUs, and Cyprus backing India's entry into the IMEC corridor. Cyprus is already a top-10 investor in India. With the FTA live, it becomes India's preferred hub for shipping, fintech, and trade access deep into Europe.
A Strategic Partnership upgrade, defence MoUs, and Cyprus backing India's entry into the IMEC corridor. Cyprus is already a top-10 investor in India. With the FTA live, it becomes India's preferred hub for shipping, fintech, and trade access deep into Europe.
I hadn't slept a full night in 3 months.
Melatonin. Magnesium. Meditation apps. Nothing worked.
A friend pushed me to see a sleep doctor. I expected blood tests, a sleep study, maybe a CPAP referral.
He didn't even look at me.
He looked at my iPhone and said:
"There are 3 settings turned ON right now keeping your brain awake at 3 AM. 9 out of 10 patients I see have the same 3 toggles."
Me: "So my own iPhone is the thing keeping me awake?"
He didn't answer.
Here's everything he showed me (save this, your sleep depends on it):
Melatonin. Magnesium. Meditation apps. Nothing worked.
A friend pushed me to see a sleep doctor. I expected blood tests, a sleep study, maybe a CPAP referral.
He didn't even look at me.
He looked at my iPhone and said:
"There are 3 settings turned ON right now keeping your brain awake at 3 AM. 9 out of 10 patients I see have the same 3 toggles."
Me: "So my own iPhone is the thing keeping me awake?"
He didn't answer.
Here's everything he showed me (save this, your sleep depends on it):
Setting #1: Always-On Display
Open Settings → Display & Brightness → Always-On Display.
What it does: Keeps a dim version of your lock screen visible at all times, even when your phone is face down or face up on the nightstand. Available on iPhone 14 Pro and later.
The pro side (honest): Useful during the day. Quick glance at the time, notifications, calendar, widgets without unlocking. Saves dozens of pickups per day. I use it during work hours.
The con side (the sleep problem): That dim glow runs all night long. Even at 1 to 2 lux, it can interfere with melatonin if your phone is within arm's reach of your face.
Open Settings → Display & Brightness → Always-On Display.
What it does: Keeps a dim version of your lock screen visible at all times, even when your phone is face down or face up on the nightstand. Available on iPhone 14 Pro and later.
The pro side (honest): Useful during the day. Quick glance at the time, notifications, calendar, widgets without unlocking. Saves dozens of pickups per day. I use it during work hours.
The con side (the sleep problem): That dim glow runs all night long. Even at 1 to 2 lux, it can interfere with melatonin if your phone is within arm's reach of your face.
The smart fix (not "just turn it off"):
The honest middle ground. Inside Always-On Display settings, turn ON these two toggles:
✓ Show Notifications → OFF at night
✓ Show Wallpaper → OFF
✓ Show Widgets → OFF
Or set a Sleep Focus (I have cover this in tweet 7) that automatically turns Always-On Display OFF at bedtime and ON when you wake up.
Best of both worlds. Useful during the day. Silent and dark at night.
The honest middle ground. Inside Always-On Display settings, turn ON these two toggles:
✓ Show Notifications → OFF at night
✓ Show Wallpaper → OFF
✓ Show Widgets → OFF
Or set a Sleep Focus (I have cover this in tweet 7) that automatically turns Always-On Display OFF at bedtime and ON when you wake up.
Best of both worlds. Useful during the day. Silent and dark at night.
Would an LLM tell you if it’s gaming your eval? Often, no. But we can still catch the model thinking about it.
New research: we measure how close a model comes to saying it’s being tested. This detects eval awareness with 10× to 100× fewer samples than monitoring model outputs.🧵
New research: we measure how close a model comes to saying it’s being tested. This detects eval awareness with 10× to 100× fewer samples than monitoring model outputs.🧵
The idea is simple: we estimate how likely the model is to say it's being tested (throughout the chain of thought), by reading directly from its next-token logits.
If this probability really captures eval awareness, it should spike on prompts from evaluations. It does: monitoring this probability using a single rollout separates evaluation from real-user prompts better than an LLM judge reading 100 rollouts.
WHAT IS JARED KUSHNER BUYING?
Three deals. Three countries. Same pattern every time.
1/
Let's start with how he found Sazan Island.
Kushner said he discovered it while vacationing aboard a yacht owned by Nat Rothschild.
A Rothschild showed him the island.
Keep that in your pocket.
2/
ALBANIA. Sazan Island. $1.4 billion.
Sazan Island was used as a military base by Italy during World War II. The remains of military fortifications are still there. Hundreds of aging concrete bunkers built during the reign of communist dictator Enver Hoxha.
There are still munitions buried underground. In addition the Soviet Union used the island when it was on friendly terms with Albania. After the relationship ruptured the Soviets abandoned a fleet of submarines in a base by Vlora. They eventually rotted and sank.
WWII Italian military fortifications.
Hundreds of Cold War bunkers.
Live munitions still in the ground.
Abandoned Soviet submarine base.
The project envisages turning this communist-era fortified island, riddled with abandoned bunkers and tunnels, into a luxury resort.
Preparatory requirements include demilitarization, clearance of unexploded ordnance, and the inventory of underground tunnels and bunkers, all before a finalized business plan can even be submitted.
He needs to count the bunkers before he can submit a business plan.
And Albania declassified the island for civilian use one month after Trump won re-election.
3/
To get it, protected status had to be stripped.
Albanian anti-corruption prosecutors froze the bank accounts of the landholding company tied to the project.
The seizure was ordered by the Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime amid a widening investigation into allegedly fraudulent property titles.
Heavy machinery began clearing the core of the protected zone without permits, without a completed environmental impact assessment, and without public consultation.
Thousands took to the streets of Tirana for two consecutive days. Private security guards beat protesters while police watched. Fifteen protesters charged with criminal proceedings. Deltia's Gaming
Assets frozen. Fraudulent titles. Protesters beaten. Machines running without permits.
On a live munitions island he doesn't legally own yet.
4/
SERBIA. Former Yugoslav Army Headquarters. $500 million.
The deal would see the bombed-out site of the former Yugoslav Ministry of Defense in Belgrade transformed into a luxury hotel complex. Bombs were dropped on the site in 1999 by NATO forces during the Serbia-Kosovo war.
The destroyed headquarters of the entire Yugoslav military apparatus.
Belgrade sits on top of a tangle of tunnels, shafts, caves and bunkers built across thousands of years. Military tunnels running under the city from Roman times through the Cold War. Tito built a nuclear-capable bunker beneath Kalemegdan Fortress to protect the Yugoslav government from Russian invasion.
Over a hundred machine gun nests and nuclear-capable bunkers were built under the fortress in the early 1950s. One remained a classified state secret until 2008.
Kushner targets the NATO-bombed headquarters of Yugoslavia's military, sitting directly above a documented Cold War underground tunnel network.
To get it, a heritage protection had to be stripped.
Prosecutors confirmed a cultural official admitted to forging a key document to lift the site's heritage protections and clear the way for the deal.
Forged government document. Military heritage site. Classified tunnel network underneath.
The deal collapsed when the forgery was exposed. Serbia's president called the prosecution a witch hunt.
[more below]
Three deals. Three countries. Same pattern every time.
1/
Let's start with how he found Sazan Island.
Kushner said he discovered it while vacationing aboard a yacht owned by Nat Rothschild.
A Rothschild showed him the island.
Keep that in your pocket.
2/
ALBANIA. Sazan Island. $1.4 billion.
Sazan Island was used as a military base by Italy during World War II. The remains of military fortifications are still there. Hundreds of aging concrete bunkers built during the reign of communist dictator Enver Hoxha.
There are still munitions buried underground. In addition the Soviet Union used the island when it was on friendly terms with Albania. After the relationship ruptured the Soviets abandoned a fleet of submarines in a base by Vlora. They eventually rotted and sank.
WWII Italian military fortifications.
Hundreds of Cold War bunkers.
Live munitions still in the ground.
Abandoned Soviet submarine base.
The project envisages turning this communist-era fortified island, riddled with abandoned bunkers and tunnels, into a luxury resort.
Preparatory requirements include demilitarization, clearance of unexploded ordnance, and the inventory of underground tunnels and bunkers, all before a finalized business plan can even be submitted.
He needs to count the bunkers before he can submit a business plan.
And Albania declassified the island for civilian use one month after Trump won re-election.
3/
To get it, protected status had to be stripped.
Albanian anti-corruption prosecutors froze the bank accounts of the landholding company tied to the project.
The seizure was ordered by the Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime amid a widening investigation into allegedly fraudulent property titles.
Heavy machinery began clearing the core of the protected zone without permits, without a completed environmental impact assessment, and without public consultation.
Thousands took to the streets of Tirana for two consecutive days. Private security guards beat protesters while police watched. Fifteen protesters charged with criminal proceedings. Deltia's Gaming
Assets frozen. Fraudulent titles. Protesters beaten. Machines running without permits.
On a live munitions island he doesn't legally own yet.
4/
SERBIA. Former Yugoslav Army Headquarters. $500 million.
The deal would see the bombed-out site of the former Yugoslav Ministry of Defense in Belgrade transformed into a luxury hotel complex. Bombs were dropped on the site in 1999 by NATO forces during the Serbia-Kosovo war.
The destroyed headquarters of the entire Yugoslav military apparatus.
Belgrade sits on top of a tangle of tunnels, shafts, caves and bunkers built across thousands of years. Military tunnels running under the city from Roman times through the Cold War. Tito built a nuclear-capable bunker beneath Kalemegdan Fortress to protect the Yugoslav government from Russian invasion.
Over a hundred machine gun nests and nuclear-capable bunkers were built under the fortress in the early 1950s. One remained a classified state secret until 2008.
Kushner targets the NATO-bombed headquarters of Yugoslavia's military, sitting directly above a documented Cold War underground tunnel network.
To get it, a heritage protection had to be stripped.
Prosecutors confirmed a cultural official admitted to forging a key document to lift the site's heritage protections and clear the way for the deal.
Forged government document. Military heritage site. Classified tunnel network underneath.
The deal collapsed when the forgery was exposed. Serbia's president called the prosecution a witch hunt.
[more below]
5/
ZVËRNEC PENINSULA. Albania. Third project.
Adjacent to the Sazan deal.
A third project on the Zvërnec peninsula, a 1,000-acre coastal area in southern Albania, would see several hotels and hundreds of villas built across the protected Vjosa-Narta coastal landscape.
The same coastline sitting on top of Albania's documented 750,000 bunker network.
Over 750,000 bunkers were built across Albania under communist dictator Enver Hoxha.
There is roughly one bunker per every four Albanians. 14.7 bunkers per square mile.
Three projects. All in the same bunker-dense region of the Balkans. All requiring the stripping of protected status. All involving land with documented Cold War military underground infrastructure.
6/
Every single deal follows the same script.
Find land with strategic military history and underground infrastructure.
Get the government to strip its protected or classified status through corruption, document fraud, or political pressure.
Move in before legal challenges can stop you.
When it collapses, blame the prosecutors and move to the next one.
The Senate Finance Committee found that foreign governments may seek partnerships with Affinity in order to gain leverage over Kushner and Ivanka Trump. Affinity has pocketed $157 million in fees from foreign clients. Saudi Arabia will have the right to renegotiate or withdraw its $2 billion in August 2026, giving them considerable leverage over Kushner at exactly the moment he is representing the United States in Middle East peace negotiations. How interesting?
The man buying bunkers in the Balkans with Saudi money is simultaneously negotiating American foreign policy with Saudi Arabia.
And Saudi Arabia can pull his entire operation in August 2026 if they don't like how those negotiations go.
7/
He found Sazan Island on a Rothschild yacht.
He's buying it with Saudi money.
He's clearing the legal path through forged documents and stripped protections.
He's doing it while serving as America's peace envoy.
And the island still has live munitions in the ground.
A resort developer?
Or an acquisitions operation wearing a hard hat?
Three countries. Three ex-military sites. Three deals requiring document fraud or corruption to clear the legal path.
All funded by the same foreign governments he simultaneously negotiates American foreign policy with.
Again, Saudi Arabia gets to renegotiate or pull the entire $2 billion in August 2026.
Right in the middle of the Iran negotiations.
Right in the middle of the Gaza negotiations.
Right when the leverage matters most.
The question isn't what's being built on these islands and ruins but what was already there.
And who needed it badly enough to send a Rothschild to show him where to look.
Check out this YT short, and receipts are below
youtube.com/shorts/b3CTyEQ…
ZVËRNEC PENINSULA. Albania. Third project.
Adjacent to the Sazan deal.
A third project on the Zvërnec peninsula, a 1,000-acre coastal area in southern Albania, would see several hotels and hundreds of villas built across the protected Vjosa-Narta coastal landscape.
The same coastline sitting on top of Albania's documented 750,000 bunker network.
Over 750,000 bunkers were built across Albania under communist dictator Enver Hoxha.
There is roughly one bunker per every four Albanians. 14.7 bunkers per square mile.
Three projects. All in the same bunker-dense region of the Balkans. All requiring the stripping of protected status. All involving land with documented Cold War military underground infrastructure.
6/
Every single deal follows the same script.
Find land with strategic military history and underground infrastructure.
Get the government to strip its protected or classified status through corruption, document fraud, or political pressure.
Move in before legal challenges can stop you.
When it collapses, blame the prosecutors and move to the next one.
The Senate Finance Committee found that foreign governments may seek partnerships with Affinity in order to gain leverage over Kushner and Ivanka Trump. Affinity has pocketed $157 million in fees from foreign clients. Saudi Arabia will have the right to renegotiate or withdraw its $2 billion in August 2026, giving them considerable leverage over Kushner at exactly the moment he is representing the United States in Middle East peace negotiations. How interesting?
The man buying bunkers in the Balkans with Saudi money is simultaneously negotiating American foreign policy with Saudi Arabia.
And Saudi Arabia can pull his entire operation in August 2026 if they don't like how those negotiations go.
7/
He found Sazan Island on a Rothschild yacht.
He's buying it with Saudi money.
He's clearing the legal path through forged documents and stripped protections.
He's doing it while serving as America's peace envoy.
And the island still has live munitions in the ground.
A resort developer?
Or an acquisitions operation wearing a hard hat?
Three countries. Three ex-military sites. Three deals requiring document fraud or corruption to clear the legal path.
All funded by the same foreign governments he simultaneously negotiates American foreign policy with.
Again, Saudi Arabia gets to renegotiate or pull the entire $2 billion in August 2026.
Right in the middle of the Iran negotiations.
Right in the middle of the Gaza negotiations.
Right when the leverage matters most.
The question isn't what's being built on these islands and ruins but what was already there.
And who needed it badly enough to send a Rothschild to show him where to look.
Check out this YT short, and receipts are below
youtube.com/shorts/b3CTyEQ…
Receipts:
Sazan: WWII fortifications, Cold War bunkers, live munitions, Soviet submarine base CB Insights: cbinsights.com/investor/jared…
Sazan: demilitarization / ordnance clearance / bunker inventory required Tirana Times: tiranatimes.com/serbia-loses-k…
Albania declassified Sazan one month after Trump re-election Grand Pinnacle Tribune: evrimagaci.org/gpt/kushner-sp…
Asset freeze / fraudulent titles OCCRP: occrp.org/en/news/albani…
No permits / machines running / protesters beaten Albania Visit: albaniavisit.com/tourism-politi…
Belgrade Yugoslav Army HQ / NATO bombed AOL / Independent: aol.com/news/jared-kus…
Heritage protection stripped via forged document Global Security: globalsecurity.org/military/libra…
Belgrade Cold War tunnel network National Geographic: nationalgeographic.com/travel/article…
Zvërnec third project Albanian Daily News: albaniandailynews.com/news/jared-kus…
Albania 750,000 bunkers Slate: slate.com/human-interest…
Senate Finance / Saudi leverage / $157M fees / DOJ referral: finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/…
Saudi renegotiation leverage August 2026 Popular Info: popular.info/p/deeply-confl…
Sazan: WWII fortifications, Cold War bunkers, live munitions, Soviet submarine base CB Insights: cbinsights.com/investor/jared…
Sazan: demilitarization / ordnance clearance / bunker inventory required Tirana Times: tiranatimes.com/serbia-loses-k…
Albania declassified Sazan one month after Trump re-election Grand Pinnacle Tribune: evrimagaci.org/gpt/kushner-sp…
Asset freeze / fraudulent titles OCCRP: occrp.org/en/news/albani…
No permits / machines running / protesters beaten Albania Visit: albaniavisit.com/tourism-politi…
Belgrade Yugoslav Army HQ / NATO bombed AOL / Independent: aol.com/news/jared-kus…
Heritage protection stripped via forged document Global Security: globalsecurity.org/military/libra…
Belgrade Cold War tunnel network National Geographic: nationalgeographic.com/travel/article…
Zvërnec third project Albanian Daily News: albaniandailynews.com/news/jared-kus…
Albania 750,000 bunkers Slate: slate.com/human-interest…
Senate Finance / Saudi leverage / $157M fees / DOJ referral: finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/…
Saudi renegotiation leverage August 2026 Popular Info: popular.info/p/deeply-confl…
Ratios are essential to analyze a company.
Here are 12 Financial Ratios every investor should understand:
Here are 12 Financial Ratios every investor should understand:
1. Interest coverage: ratio used to determine how easily a company can pay the interest on its outstanding debt.
The higher this ratio, the better.
Seek for companies with an interest coverage ratio higher than 5.
The higher this ratio, the better.
Seek for companies with an interest coverage ratio higher than 5.
2. Net Debt / EBITDA
Shows how many years it takes for a company to pay off its debt when it would use all EBITDA to pay down debt.
The lower this ratio, the better.
You want the Net Debt / EBITDA to be lower than 4.
Shows how many years it takes for a company to pay off its debt when it would use all EBITDA to pay down debt.
The lower this ratio, the better.
You want the Net Debt / EBITDA to be lower than 4.
1/ Now that we're running out of data, how do you optimally scale multi-epoch pretraining to hundreds of epochs?
Our first paper from Q! q0 trains a population of models, instead of single model that saturates fast, reaching a dramatically lower loss at *every* epoch budget.
w/ @bishmdl76 @akshayvegesna @ShmuelBerman
Our first paper from Q! q0 trains a population of models, instead of single model that saturates fast, reaching a dramatically lower loss at *every* epoch budget.
w/ @bishmdl76 @akshayvegesna @ShmuelBerman
2/ Paper:
q0 is built on one intuition, motivated by Solomonoff induction: instead of training one perfect model, train a population of diverse models and aggregate predictions. Everything in the algorithm follows from this one goal of efficiently training a population. It comes down to three core primitives:arxiv.org/abs/2606.03938
q0 is built on one intuition, motivated by Solomonoff induction: instead of training one perfect model, train a population of diverse models and aggregate predictions. Everything in the algorithm follows from this one goal of efficiently training a population. It comes down to three core primitives:arxiv.org/abs/2606.03938
3/ Primitive 1: fast exploration of weight space. Training many models from scratch to build a population is too expensive. Inspired by FGE, we collect many models along a few parallel cyclic trajectories. The mechanism is anti-correlating weight decay with the LR, so each cycle explores early (high LR, low WD) then settles into a low-norm basin right before we snapshot.
Primitive 2: model capability compounding via chain distillation. Independently trained models all come out about equally good, so adding more doesn't lift quality. We train each model against its predecessor as a frozen teacher (KL on soft targets), so every model improves on the last and the population compounds.
Primitive 3: a learned generalization prior. Uniform averaging wastes the good members. We fit one softmax weighting over models on a held-out set by minimizing ensemble loss, then reuse it to pick and weight the best K models for any inference budget.
Primitive 2: model capability compounding via chain distillation. Independently trained models all come out about equally good, so adding more doesn't lift quality. We train each model against its predecessor as a frozen teacher (KL on soft targets), so every model improves on the last and the population compounds.
Primitive 3: a learned generalization prior. Uniform averaging wastes the good members. We fit one softmax weighting over models on a held-out set by minimizing ensemble loss, then reuse it to pick and weight the best K models for any inference budget.
1/6 🧵
Should have listened to Mike Rowe or Charlie Kirk...
🔬 The STEM Employment Paradox: 12 Million Degree-Holders Without Work
This is one of the great bait-and-switches of the modern economy. Let’s unpack what’s actually happening.
Should have listened to Mike Rowe or Charlie Kirk...
🔬 The STEM Employment Paradox: 12 Million Degree-Holders Without Work
This is one of the great bait-and-switches of the modern economy. Let’s unpack what’s actually happening.
2/6
📊 The Scale of the Problem
12 million unemployed or underemployed STEM graduates isn’t just a statistic—it's an indictment. We were told for decades: “Get a STEM degree, the jobs are endless, you’ll be set for life.” Students took on massive debt, grinded through brutal coursework, and emerged into... nothing.
The conventional narrative blames a “skills gap.” That’s a convenient fiction.
📊 The Scale of the Problem
12 million unemployed or underemployed STEM graduates isn’t just a statistic—it's an indictment. We were told for decades: “Get a STEM degree, the jobs are endless, you’ll be set for life.” Students took on massive debt, grinded through brutal coursework, and emerged into... nothing.
The conventional narrative blames a “skills gap.” That’s a convenient fiction.
3/6
🎯 What’s Actually Going On
1. The H-1B Visa Firehose
The tech industry’s preferred labor strategy isn’t developing domestic talent—it’s importing it cheaper. H-1B visa holders are tied to their sponsoring employer, meaning they can’t easily leave for better pay. This creates a captive workforce that suppresses wages across the board. Companies lobby for more visas while simultaneously conducting mass layoffs. The contradiction is only a contradiction if you believe their stated reasons rather than their revealed preferences.
The mechanism is straightforward: flood the labor supply, depress wages, increase dependency. A domestic STEM graduate with market-rate salary expectations and geographic preferences is a problem. An H-1B holder who’ll work for 30% less and can’t leave without risking deportation is a solution—for the employer.
2. Offshoring & Remote Arbitrage
Why hire an American engineer at $120k when you can hire three in Bangalore at $40k each? The pandemic “proved” remote work works, and corporations took notes. The jobs aren’t just going to immigrants here—they’re going to workers who never set foot in the country.
3. The Credential Inflation Trap
A bachelor’s in computer science was once enough. Then you needed a master’s. Now, entry-level positions demand 3-5 years of experience, plus a portfolio of side projects, plus LeetCode grinding that has nothing to do with the actual job. The goalposts keep moving because the labor surplus lets employers be arbitrarily selective.
4. The “STEM Shortage” Was Always a Lobbying Construct
The alleged STEM labor shortage was manufactured by industry groups—most notably the tech lobby—to justify expanding guest worker programs. Multiple analyses have shown that the U.S. produces more STEM graduates than there are STEM job openings each year. The “shortage” is a shortage of workers willing to accept suppressed wages, not a shortage of qualified people.
🎯 What’s Actually Going On
1. The H-1B Visa Firehose
The tech industry’s preferred labor strategy isn’t developing domestic talent—it’s importing it cheaper. H-1B visa holders are tied to their sponsoring employer, meaning they can’t easily leave for better pay. This creates a captive workforce that suppresses wages across the board. Companies lobby for more visas while simultaneously conducting mass layoffs. The contradiction is only a contradiction if you believe their stated reasons rather than their revealed preferences.
The mechanism is straightforward: flood the labor supply, depress wages, increase dependency. A domestic STEM graduate with market-rate salary expectations and geographic preferences is a problem. An H-1B holder who’ll work for 30% less and can’t leave without risking deportation is a solution—for the employer.
2. Offshoring & Remote Arbitrage
Why hire an American engineer at $120k when you can hire three in Bangalore at $40k each? The pandemic “proved” remote work works, and corporations took notes. The jobs aren’t just going to immigrants here—they’re going to workers who never set foot in the country.
3. The Credential Inflation Trap
A bachelor’s in computer science was once enough. Then you needed a master’s. Now, entry-level positions demand 3-5 years of experience, plus a portfolio of side projects, plus LeetCode grinding that has nothing to do with the actual job. The goalposts keep moving because the labor surplus lets employers be arbitrarily selective.
4. The “STEM Shortage” Was Always a Lobbying Construct
The alleged STEM labor shortage was manufactured by industry groups—most notably the tech lobby—to justify expanding guest worker programs. Multiple analyses have shown that the U.S. produces more STEM graduates than there are STEM job openings each year. The “shortage” is a shortage of workers willing to accept suppressed wages, not a shortage of qualified people.
