Recent well liked threads
DANEUMAR; lokalverse
Dane seorang aktivis penggila aksi; Turun tangan untuk membela rakyat, dan Umar seorang tulang punggung keluarga; Hanya cinta pada Ibu juga kota Makassar.
— written by Le;
© a markhyuck lokal au
Dane seorang aktivis penggila aksi; Turun tangan untuk membela rakyat, dan Umar seorang tulang punggung keluarga; Hanya cinta pada Ibu juga kota Makassar.
— written by Le;
© a markhyuck lokal au
Origins, influences, and religious labels: does any of it change the essence of the Tirukural? Let me take the bait and see what we can uncover.
The idea that the Tirukkuṟaḷ draws from the 'Dharma-Artha-Kāma' trivarga of Sanskrit literature is nothing new. Proponents typically quote Āpastamba Dharmasūtra, the Manusmṛti, and Kauṭilya’s Arthaśāstra as the foundational texts precursors to the Kural’s structural organization.
The Tirukkuṟaḷ is undeniably organized into three sections (pāls) that align conceptually with the Sanskrit trivarga:
Aṟattuppāl (Virtue) ~ Dharma
Poruṭpāl (Wealth/Polity) ~ Artha
Kāmattuppāl (Love) ~ Kāma
While this tripartite structure mirrors the Sanskrit framework, the content within these sections often diverges significantly from the prescriptive nature of the Dharmaśāstras. Tolkāppiyam (தொல்காப்பியம்), the oldest extant Tamil grammar, predates Tirukkuṟaḷ and already formalizes the categories of aṟam (அறம்), poruḷ (பொருள்), and iṉpam (இன்பம்) as the organizing principles of Tamil life and literature.
Puṟanāṉūṟu celebrates these three aims of life, righteousness, prosperity, and pleasure in various poems (such as Puṟam 28 and 31), providing these concepts were deeply embedded in the Tamil consciousness long before the didactic era of the 5th–6th century CE, typically attributed to the time when Tirukkuṟaḷ was written.
The idea that the Tirukkuṟaḷ draws from the 'Dharma-Artha-Kāma' trivarga of Sanskrit literature is nothing new. Proponents typically quote Āpastamba Dharmasūtra, the Manusmṛti, and Kauṭilya’s Arthaśāstra as the foundational texts precursors to the Kural’s structural organization.
The Tirukkuṟaḷ is undeniably organized into three sections (pāls) that align conceptually with the Sanskrit trivarga:
Aṟattuppāl (Virtue) ~ Dharma
Poruṭpāl (Wealth/Polity) ~ Artha
Kāmattuppāl (Love) ~ Kāma
While this tripartite structure mirrors the Sanskrit framework, the content within these sections often diverges significantly from the prescriptive nature of the Dharmaśāstras. Tolkāppiyam (தொல்காப்பியம்), the oldest extant Tamil grammar, predates Tirukkuṟaḷ and already formalizes the categories of aṟam (அறம்), poruḷ (பொருள்), and iṉpam (இன்பம்) as the organizing principles of Tamil life and literature.
Puṟanāṉūṟu celebrates these three aims of life, righteousness, prosperity, and pleasure in various poems (such as Puṟam 28 and 31), providing these concepts were deeply embedded in the Tamil consciousness long before the didactic era of the 5th–6th century CE, typically attributed to the time when Tirukkuṟaḷ was written.
One can't ignore the structural similarities between the Tirukkuṟaḷ and Sanskrit treatises. In the Arthaśāstra (Book VI, Chapter 1, Prakṛtisampadaḥ), Kauṭilya enumerates the seven constituents of sovereignty (Saptāṅga Rājya): svāmin (king), amātya (minister), janapada (territory), durga (fortress), kośa (treasury), daṇḍa (army), and mitra (ally).
स्वाम्यमात्यजनपददुर्गकोशदण्डमित्राणि प्रकृतய: ।।
svāmy-amātya-janapada-durga-kośa-daṇḍa-mitrāṇi prakṛtayaḥ
Kural 381 presents a closely matching six-element model:
படைகுடி கூழமைச்சு நட்பரண் ஆறும்
உடையான் அரசரு ளேறு
paṭaikuṭi kūḻamaiccu naṭparaṇ āṟum
uṭaiyāṉ aracaru ḷēṟu
The most significant difference is that Vaḷḷuvar omits the King from the list, whereas in Arthaśāstra, the King is the first and most vital aṅga.
I don't think this is accidental but an intentional omission in Tirukkuṟaḷ to reflect a fundamentally different political philosophy.
स्वाम्यमात्यजनपददुर्गकोशदण्डमित्राणि प्रकृतய: ।।
svāmy-amātya-janapada-durga-kośa-daṇḍa-mitrāṇi prakṛtayaḥ
Kural 381 presents a closely matching six-element model:
படைகுடி கூழமைச்சு நட்பரண் ஆறும்
உடையான் அரசரு ளேறு
paṭaikuṭi kūḻamaiccu naṭparaṇ āṟum
uṭaiyāṉ aracaru ḷēṟu
The most significant difference is that Vaḷḷuvar omits the King from the list, whereas in Arthaśāstra, the King is the first and most vital aṅga.
I don't think this is accidental but an intentional omission in Tirukkuṟaḷ to reflect a fundamentally different political philosophy.
The single most decisive textual difference between the Tirukkuṟaḷ and the dharmaśāstra tradition concerns the moral significance or insignificance of birth. While the Sanskrit canon codifies a biological hierarchy, Vaḷḷuvar posits a radical, universal egalitarianism.
In the Tirukkuṟaḷ, the accident of birth is morally neutral; the distinction is earned, not inherited.
Kural 972:
பிறப்பொக்கும் எல்லா உயிர்க்கும் சிறப்பொவ்வா
செய்தொழில் வேற்றுமை யான்
piṟappokkum ellā uyirkkum ciṟappovvā
ceyttoḻil vēṟṟumai yāṉ
Meaning, all beings are equal in birth; distinctions arise solely from the nature of their actions.
Further reinforces this by decoupling social standing from character.
Kural 973:
மேலிருந்தும் மேலல்லார் மேலல்லர் கீழிருந்தும்
கீழல்லார் கீழல் லவர்
mēliruntum mēlallār mēlallar kīḻiruntum
kīḻallār kīḻal lavar
Those of lofty birth who lack noble qualities are not truly high; those of low birth who possess nobility are not truly low.
Now, contrast this with the foundational texts of the Dharmaśāstra tradition, which anchor social status in birth.
brāhmaṇasya mukham āsīt bāhū rājanyas tadā |
ūrū tad asya yad vaiśyaḥ padbhyāṃ śūdro ajāyata ||
Manusmṛti 1.31 defines the caturvarṇa through the primordial sacrifice: "The Brāhmaṇa arose from the Creator's mouth, the Kṣatriya from his arms, the Vaiśya from his thighs, the Śūdra from his feet."
Āpastamba Dharmasūtra 1.1.1.4–5 explicitly declares that each class is superior by birth to each subsequent class.
pūrvaḥ pūrvo jyāyān janmanā
Patrick Olivelle, in his critical translation (Oxford, 1999), notes that the vast majority (~88%) of Āpastamba's 1,364 sūtras focus exclusively on Brāhmaṇical concerns, centering the text on a specific class rather than humanity at large.
Whereas the Tirukkuṟaḷ contains no varṇa classification, no birth-based hierarchy, and no caste-specific duties. This absence is not an oversight; it is a systematic philosophical commitment to a universal human subject.
A.K. Ramanujan’s famous linguistic framework distinguishes the context-sensitive: morality varies by caste, gender, and life-stage (Varṇāśrama Dharma). vs context-free: ethics are universal; they apply to the human condition regardless of identity, which is the foundational difference between Dharma and Aṟam.
In the Tirukkuṟaḷ, the accident of birth is morally neutral; the distinction is earned, not inherited.
Kural 972:
பிறப்பொக்கும் எல்லா உயிர்க்கும் சிறப்பொவ்வா
செய்தொழில் வேற்றுமை யான்
piṟappokkum ellā uyirkkum ciṟappovvā
ceyttoḻil vēṟṟumai yāṉ
Meaning, all beings are equal in birth; distinctions arise solely from the nature of their actions.
Further reinforces this by decoupling social standing from character.
Kural 973:
மேலிருந்தும் மேலல்லார் மேலல்லர் கீழிருந்தும்
கீழல்லார் கீழல் லவர்
mēliruntum mēlallār mēlallar kīḻiruntum
kīḻallār kīḻal lavar
Those of lofty birth who lack noble qualities are not truly high; those of low birth who possess nobility are not truly low.
Now, contrast this with the foundational texts of the Dharmaśāstra tradition, which anchor social status in birth.
brāhmaṇasya mukham āsīt bāhū rājanyas tadā |
ūrū tad asya yad vaiśyaḥ padbhyāṃ śūdro ajāyata ||
Manusmṛti 1.31 defines the caturvarṇa through the primordial sacrifice: "The Brāhmaṇa arose from the Creator's mouth, the Kṣatriya from his arms, the Vaiśya from his thighs, the Śūdra from his feet."
Āpastamba Dharmasūtra 1.1.1.4–5 explicitly declares that each class is superior by birth to each subsequent class.
pūrvaḥ pūrvo jyāyān janmanā
Patrick Olivelle, in his critical translation (Oxford, 1999), notes that the vast majority (~88%) of Āpastamba's 1,364 sūtras focus exclusively on Brāhmaṇical concerns, centering the text on a specific class rather than humanity at large.
Whereas the Tirukkuṟaḷ contains no varṇa classification, no birth-based hierarchy, and no caste-specific duties. This absence is not an oversight; it is a systematic philosophical commitment to a universal human subject.
A.K. Ramanujan’s famous linguistic framework distinguishes the context-sensitive: morality varies by caste, gender, and life-stage (Varṇāśrama Dharma). vs context-free: ethics are universal; they apply to the human condition regardless of identity, which is the foundational difference between Dharma and Aṟam.
Today is Douro Day!
Fought #OnThisDay 12 May 1809, Crossing the Douro, The Second Battle of Porto.
One of most risky battles of the era, when Wellesley's troops stole across the river in a few boats, under the nose of the French to liberate Portugal's second city.
Fought #OnThisDay 12 May 1809, Crossing the Douro, The Second Battle of Porto.
One of most risky battles of the era, when Wellesley's troops stole across the river in a few boats, under the nose of the French to liberate Portugal's second city.
WHY PORTO MATTERED:
Oporto, as it was known to the British was a wealthy trading hub, famous for exporting its' wines (port🍷).
In May 1809 it was occupied by Marshal Jean de Dieu Soult. It was the largest French force in Portugal, Porto needed Liberating to free Portugal.
Oporto, as it was known to the British was a wealthy trading hub, famous for exporting its' wines (port🍷).
In May 1809 it was occupied by Marshal Jean de Dieu Soult. It was the largest French force in Portugal, Porto needed Liberating to free Portugal.
On the 28th March 1809, just 7 weeks before, the beautiful city had fallen to the 2nd French Invasion.
A valient attempt by the Portuguese to defend the city formed the 1st Battle of Porto
When it fell, the French looted, raped & murdered their way, est 7,000(+) civilians died.
A valient attempt by the Portuguese to defend the city formed the 1st Battle of Porto
When it fell, the French looted, raped & murdered their way, est 7,000(+) civilians died.
#TwishaSharma #DowryDeath Case: Madhya Pradesh #HighCourt to shortly hear State's and Parents' plea against #anticipatorybail granted to mother-in-law Giribala Singh
Bench: Justice Devnarayan Mishra
Bench: Justice Devnarayan Mishra
Sr Advocate Siddharth Luthra, along with Advocate Anurag Shrivastav, appearing for the Parents of the victim
Luthra: today there are two matters, one by State and one by parents against the anticipatory bail granted to Giribala Singh.
Sr Adv Nitya Ramakrishnan, appearing for Giribala Singh
Sr Adv Nitya Ramakrishnan, appearing for Giribala Singh
🧵
Buenas. Realizo una tesis en Moscú sobre la recepción activa de Hegel en la URSS, estoy en contacto con filósofos que ya participaban en los debates de los 70 junto a Iliénkov, etc.
Me sorprende la forma general tan irreflexiva de abordar el problema. Pese a que contenga…
Buenas. Realizo una tesis en Moscú sobre la recepción activa de Hegel en la URSS, estoy en contacto con filósofos que ya participaban en los debates de los 70 junto a Iliénkov, etc.
Me sorprende la forma general tan irreflexiva de abordar el problema. Pese a que contenga…
un momento de verdad.
De hecho, debo señalar que la mayoría de filósofos soviéticos podían ver mucho más lejos de esas dos observaciones que planteas.
Hay mucho que criticar, por ejemplo, ¿qué significa «lectura soviética» o «diamat»?
…
De hecho, debo señalar que la mayoría de filósofos soviéticos podían ver mucho más lejos de esas dos observaciones que planteas.
Hay mucho que criticar, por ejemplo, ¿qué significa «lectura soviética» o «diamat»?
…
Parecería que las equiparas a «marxismo soviético» (como Marcuse), pese a que así apenas se rasque la superficie.
Por ejemplo, otros rechazan que los mejores filósofos soviéticos fueran realmente marxismo soviético: «marxismo no-soviético». Y de la negación de los anteriores…
Por ejemplo, otros rechazan que los mejores filósofos soviéticos fueran realmente marxismo soviético: «marxismo no-soviético». Y de la negación de los anteriores…
The biggest baptism ever in the US. Over 45,000 people were seen being baptized after giving their lives to Jesus Christ 🥹
A massive revival is happening all over the world
A massive revival is happening all over the world
A great revival is happening 🔥🔥
In today’s Vatnik Soup, we’ll introduce Russian propaganda operations around military targets like Starobilsk. For over a decade, the Kremlin has used similar strategies, combining crisis actors, “independent journalists” and fabricated evidence.
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First, let’s go back to 2014. Russia funded separatist groups and sent its mercenaries to Donbas, which led to the creation of two puppet states, Donetsk and Luhansk, governed by Russian propagandists and soldiers like Igor Girkin.
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The fake genocide was touted as one of the main reasons for Russia’s war during the early stages of the full-scale invasion, and the claim was made even by Putin himself. Before his mutiny, late Wagner boss Yevgeny Prigozhin said that all this was fabricated bullshit.
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THE ART OF KI§§!NG THAT WILL MAKE HER W€T WITH JUST YOUR LIPS>>
Thread 🪡
1. Build inner tension..
Thread 🪡
1. Build inner tension..
1. Never rush straight to the kiss Build tension first.
Look at her lips, touch her face slowly, play with her hair.
Make her wait and crave it. The best kisses happen when she's already dying for your mouth.
Look at her lips, touch her face slowly, play with her hair.
Make her wait and crave it. The best kisses happen when she's already dying for your mouth.
2. Start soft & teasing
Don't attack her mouth like a hungry dog.
Start with gentle lips, light bites on her lower lip, and slow movements.
Tease her tongue. Make her chase your mouth. This drives women crazy.
Don't attack her mouth like a hungry dog.
Start with gentle lips, light bites on her lower lip, and slow movements.
Tease her tongue. Make her chase your mouth. This drives women crazy.
🧵I reckon myself a @greg_ip fan. But like many others he goes wrong here in claiming, on the base of antebellum U.S. experience, that competitively supplied private currencies are bound to be inefficient.
To be blunt, that conclusion rests upon both a lack of understanding of the true sources of the shortcomings of privately supplied antebellum U.S. paper currency and ignorance of the record of privately supplied paper currencies elsewhere.
Briefly, the shortcomings of antebellum banknotes--the fact that they often didn't stay at par once they ranged at all far from their sources, and that clusters of issuers sometimes failed, and that some were fly-by-night "wildcat" operations, weren't encountered elsewhere.
I worked for an Indian tech company for years. Let me tell you some *practical* reasons why we don’t want them here. I worked for the CEO and was their CMO. I, and the small handful of other white employees were hired to help get their foot into the door of America. 🧵
We were used for US events, sales and in-person meetings to close deals with American companies and give an air of legitimacy.
Now onto practical reasons we don’t want more of them here:
Now onto practical reasons we don’t want more of them here:
They over promise and under deliver. Indian devs will tell you anything is possible. They give unrealistic timelines. They allow scope creep from customers because they will say “yes” to anything, even if they know it can’t be done. They do not set expectations properly leading to a total breakdown of trust.
🚨 Hasan Names Singham, PSL, ANSWER, and Code Pink in One Breath
On stream today, Hasan Piker discussed the reported Treasury scrutiny and said the broader target is “probably Singham” and “his operation,” naming PSL (Party for Socialism and Liberation), ANSWER Coalition, Code Pink, and “anything that he has ever financed.”
He then acknowledged that Roy Singham lives in China and has been “a funding vehicle” for political movements and activism in the United States.
That is exactly why this matters.
This was never just about one influencer’s Cuba trip. It is about the Singham-linked ecosystem, the groups it funds, the delegations it supports, and the political operations built around them.
Hasan didn’t refute the network. He mapped it.
On stream today, Hasan Piker discussed the reported Treasury scrutiny and said the broader target is “probably Singham” and “his operation,” naming PSL (Party for Socialism and Liberation), ANSWER Coalition, Code Pink, and “anything that he has ever financed.”
He then acknowledged that Roy Singham lives in China and has been “a funding vehicle” for political movements and activism in the United States.
That is exactly why this matters.
This was never just about one influencer’s Cuba trip. It is about the Singham-linked ecosystem, the groups it funds, the delegations it supports, and the political operations built around them.
Hasan didn’t refute the network. He mapped it.
Singham usually stays far from the public-facing side of the operation. His influence runs through subordinates, funding channels, and the groups orbiting his network.
That’s why it stands out when people inside that ecosystem mention him directly.
That’s why it stands out when people inside that ecosystem mention him directly.
Fergie Chambers, another far-left financier funding similar projects, offers a pretty revealing critique of the Singham network and how little transparency there is around Singham’s role.
I’m craving more roommate stories. One time our cable was out for a day and I was complaining and I said, “Do you think they’ll give people their money back for the time they weren’t providing the service we paid for?” And my roommate said, “Well, I mean we’re not actually paying
paying for it.” I said, “What do you mean?” And she said, “I mean we’re have it but we’re not paying for it.” I had to tell her that before we moved in I had called and set up each of our utilities as well as our cable. We split the rent but I paid for all of the utilities
because I got a lot more help from my parents than she did. We’d lived in the dorms the previous year so she didn’t know you gad to set up and pay for utilities. She called me and said thank you for doing that when she moved in with other people who were even more clueless about
¿Por qué están en contra de la apertura en electricidad si la de telecomunicacione fue un exitazo? 🤔
Eso es un error conceptual profundo, porque la naturaleza física, económica y logística de ambos sectores es radicalmente opuesta.
¿Como así? Siga leyendo.
Eso es un error conceptual profundo, porque la naturaleza física, económica y logística de ambos sectores es radicalmente opuesta.
¿Como así? Siga leyendo.
El impacto de las ganancias y la baja de precios que vimos en telefonía e internet no se puede replicar de manera análoga en la electricidad, y la razón principal es, precisamente, la segmentación y la estructura del sistema de subastas 😑
Primero que nada, la escalabilidad en telecomunicaciones no se compara. Se ponen antenas y el costo del envio de datos a una de ellas es cercano a cero.
Le electricidad es distinta, sujeta a leyes físicas, donde un megavatio más puede implicar una represa nueva.
Le electricidad es distinta, sujeta a leyes físicas, donde un megavatio más puede implicar una represa nueva.
🧐 KY 4th Congressional District
-21 Counties
-423 Precincts
-625k+ Registered Voters (300k+ Rep)
2024 General:
-Massie beats Trump by 27k; wins precincts (417-6), counties (20-1).
2026 Primary:
-Gallrein beats Massie by 10k; wins precincts (325-81), counties (19-2).
-21 Counties
-423 Precincts
-625k+ Registered Voters (300k+ Rep)
2024 General:
-Massie beats Trump by 27k; wins precincts (417-6), counties (20-1).
2026 Primary:
-Gallrein beats Massie by 10k; wins precincts (325-81), counties (19-2).
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KY 4th Congressional District Voting Equipment:
KY 4th Congressional District Voting Equipment:
3/4
KY 4th Congressional District ~ 2026 Primary
Like schools of fish, people voted with extreme consistency by county. Odd how Election Day/Absentee/Early Voting % were so close in each county, even though a wide spread in # of votes. Big differences county to county.
KY 4th Congressional District ~ 2026 Primary
Like schools of fish, people voted with extreme consistency by county. Odd how Election Day/Absentee/Early Voting % were so close in each county, even though a wide spread in # of votes. Big differences county to county.
