Recent well liked threads
お買い物。／『現代思想2021年8月号 特集＝自由意志 - 脳と心をめぐるアポリア-』｜青土社
seidosha.co.jp/book/index.php…
seidosha.co.jp/book/index.php…
最初に渡辺正峰先生の論説（「意識と自由意志――量子論ゆらぎによる長期利得最大化と意識・無意識の表裏一体性の観点から」）を読みました。とても面白くて、最後まで一気に読んでしまいました。大変興味深く、勉強になりました。
せっかくなので、「自由意志」についてざっくり自分が思っていることを書いておく。まず始めに、自由意志が論じられる際、あくまで私の大雑把な観測だが、「意志」よりも「自由」にスポットライトが当てられることが多い。私はどちらかというと、「自由」よりも「意志」の方にスポットライトを当てたい
The Bucha Massacre Was a False Flag
Lavrov explained to NBC
This Bucha incident was used to raise stakes against Russia in this situation.
"Can you make sure that the names of the persons whose bodies were shown by BBC are made public?"
Silence.
Lavrov explained to NBC
This Bucha incident was used to raise stakes against Russia in this situation.
"Can you make sure that the names of the persons whose bodies were shown by BBC are made public?"
Silence.
1/ SOL dropped 40% in the past 3 months, yet Hylo Protocol stayed overcollateralized and never triggered a Stability Pool activation during this period.
Here’s a quick reminder of how the Stability Pool works and how to read the risk dashboard.🧵
Here’s a quick reminder of how the Stability Pool works and how to read the risk dashboard.🧵
2/ Collateral ratio
The dashboard highlights two key metrics:
• Current Collateral Ratio: 145.5%
• Stability Pool Adjusted Collateral Ratio: 425.4%
These figures indicate the system is in a secure state, though it is currently operating under Stability Mode 1. ↓
The dashboard highlights two key metrics:
• Current Collateral Ratio: 145.5%
• Stability Pool Adjusted Collateral Ratio: 425.4%
These figures indicate the system is in a secure state, though it is currently operating under Stability Mode 1. ↓
3/ Understanding stability modes
The system operates in one of three modes, depending on the overall collateral ratio:
• Normal Mode: 150% and above
• Fee Adjustment Mode: Between 130% and 150%
• Stability Pool Activation: Below 130%
Each mode directly affects Hylo’s behavior, allowing the protocol to autonomously defend the hyUSD peg. ↓
The system operates in one of three modes, depending on the overall collateral ratio:
• Normal Mode: 150% and above
• Fee Adjustment Mode: Between 130% and 150%
• Stability Pool Activation: Below 130%
Each mode directly affects Hylo’s behavior, allowing the protocol to autonomously defend the hyUSD peg. ↓
1/ A Russian soldier recruited under duress from a penal colony says that his unit has suffered 97% casualties in recent assaults, with a constant supply of new cannon fodder arriving and dying immediately. "They fucking keep replenishing, replenishing, replenishing," he says. ⬇️
2/ The man, who identifies himself as Ramzan, says that he was serving a sentence in a penal colony when he was brutally forced to sign a military contract by a "camp boss" – another prisoner who was working for the prison management.
3/ "They told me, 'You fucking cunt.' I said, 'Okay, we'll see.' ... He fucking wanted to shove me into the toilet. That's why I went to the Special Military Operation."
When he arrived in Ukraine, he found himself being thrown into bloody assaults in an unspecified region.
When he arrived in Ukraine, he found himself being thrown into bloody assaults in an unspecified region.
Libé a enquêté sur les violences dans le périscolaire et décrit "une violence systémique": "Des enfants laissés dans leurs excréments, des adultes qui poussent des élèves à se battre ou à humilier un camarade fragile, des enfants enfermés dans une pièce.." liberation.fr/societe/educat…
Cette violence, je la décris dans mon livre "Tableau noir". Dans plusieurs cas, les animateur·rices ne réagissent pas aux VS entre enfants. Des cris dans les toilettes? « Je n'ai pas le temps ». Une mère ne reçoit aucune réponse du périscolaire pendant 3 semaines.
Je révèle aussi dans le livre l'insuffisante formation des animateur·trices aux VSS. Certaines plaquettes de formation du Bafa qui ont un module “Prévention des Violences Sexistes” ne comportent même pas les mots “viol” et “agression sexuelle”.
Most people think healing childhood trauma requires years of therapies, pills or courses.
Nope. Your body needs a system reset.
Your vagus nerve is key to undoing decades of damage, yet 99% of people ignore it.
This took me 40 years to learn, I'll explain in 2 minutes: 🧵
Nope. Your body needs a system reset.
Your vagus nerve is key to undoing decades of damage, yet 99% of people ignore it.
This took me 40 years to learn, I'll explain in 2 minutes: 🧵
Trauma is not stored in your memories.
It's trapped in your nervous system—keeping you stuck in "survival mode" 24/7.
Your brain literally can't access healing while it thinks you're under attack.
Here's why:
It's trapped in your nervous system—keeping you stuck in "survival mode" 24/7.
Your brain literally can't access healing while it thinks you're under attack.
Here's why:
Trauma hijacks your sympathetic nervous system (fight-or-flight), flooding your body with cortisol and adrenaline.
Over time, this becomes your default state—even when you're "safe."
Result? Anxiety, insomnia, toxic relationships, and self-destructive patterns.
Over time, this becomes your default state—even when you're "safe."
Result? Anxiety, insomnia, toxic relationships, and self-destructive patterns.
❓Is waist circumference better than BMI?
✅Yes. Waist circumference (WC) is often a better indicator of metabolic and cardiovascular risk than BMI because it reflects visceral fat, which is the most harmful type.
▶️Recommended cut-offs (South Asian / Indian population):
Men: <90 cm
Women: <80 cm
▶️These cut-offs are lower than Western standards because South Asians develop diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease at lower levels of visceral fat.
❓Why does waist circumference beat BMI?
1. BMI doesn’t differentiate fat vs muscle
2. BMI doesn’t show where fat is stored
3. People with “normal BMI but high waist” have 2–3 times higher risk of diabetes, heart disease, and fatty liver.
4. Waist circumference directly tracks central obesity, the strongest predictor of mortality after smoking
✅Take-home message for public
“Even with a normal BMI, a high waist circumference is dangerous.
Target: Women <80 cm, Men <90 cm.
A slim waist = a healthier heart, liver, and pancreas.”
Dr Sudhir Kumar MD DM
✅Yes. Waist circumference (WC) is often a better indicator of metabolic and cardiovascular risk than BMI because it reflects visceral fat, which is the most harmful type.
▶️Recommended cut-offs (South Asian / Indian population):
Men: <90 cm
Women: <80 cm
▶️These cut-offs are lower than Western standards because South Asians develop diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease at lower levels of visceral fat.
❓Why does waist circumference beat BMI?
1. BMI doesn’t differentiate fat vs muscle
2. BMI doesn’t show where fat is stored
3. People with “normal BMI but high waist” have 2–3 times higher risk of diabetes, heart disease, and fatty liver.
4. Waist circumference directly tracks central obesity, the strongest predictor of mortality after smoking
✅Take-home message for public
“Even with a normal BMI, a high waist circumference is dangerous.
Target: Women <80 cm, Men <90 cm.
A slim waist = a healthier heart, liver, and pancreas.”
Dr Sudhir Kumar MD DM
Waist circumference is a better parameter than BMI
ja rec jednu nisam progovorio o svojoj bivsoj supruzi. rec. dobru jer nemam, losu jer nisam hteo. a sve jer sam svetski gospodin vrhunskog manira po meni bi film mogli da snime e da me ona nije ogadila ljudima u filmskom svetu iz zlobe i pakosti sto mora da mi placa alimentaciju
posaljem ja tako jednom milanu maricu po dhl fotose moje a4 inace vrlo ukusne iako je malo tu bilo ostavljeno mašti deki stankovic odlican poso uradio gola sirovost zivota kao ja lezim a preko mene ribizle i bela lisica od bivse zene koji sam uzeo u deobi imovine od nje za mamu
kad op meni tuzba za proganjanje i zabrana prilaska jer dusevna bol a sto posto ga ona nagovorila jer sto bi to uradio meni kad me nije upozno mislim upoznali smo se mi kad sam mu disao u telefon al to je drugo jer sam zvao sa govornice u karađorđevom parku pa je bio skriven broj
STOP TELLING CHATGPT TO "MAKE A PRESENTATION FOR ME"
Bad prompt = Bad result.
Use these prompts instead and see the magic:
Bad prompt = Bad result.
Use these prompts instead and see the magic:
1. The Full Presentation Builder
“Act as a world-class presentation creator. Create a complete, slide-by-slide presentation on the topic: [insert topic]. Include title slides, key points, examples, data, metaphors, visuals suggestions, and a closing call-to-action. Structure it like a TED-level presentation with storytelling flow.”
“Act as a world-class presentation creator. Create a complete, slide-by-slide presentation on the topic: [insert topic]. Include title slides, key points, examples, data, metaphors, visuals suggestions, and a closing call-to-action. Structure it like a TED-level presentation with storytelling flow.”
2. The Deep Research Presentation
“Create a full presentation on [insert topic] using deep research. Include real statistics, case studies, expert quotes, practical insights, and examples. Make each slide educational, engaging, and backed by credible sources. Provide references at the end.”
“Create a full presentation on [insert topic] using deep research. Include real statistics, case studies, expert quotes, practical insights, and examples. Make each slide educational, engaging, and backed by credible sources. Provide references at the end.”
🚨The White House just launched the Genesis Mission — a Manhattan Project for AI
The Department of Energy will build a national AI platform on top of U.S. supercomputers and federal science data, train scientific foundation models, and run AI agents + robotic labs to automate experiments in biotech, critical materials, nuclear fission/fusion, space, quantum, and semiconductors.
Let’s unpack what this order actually builds, and how it could rewire the AI, energy, and science landscape over the next decade:
The Department of Energy will build a national AI platform on top of U.S. supercomputers and federal science data, train scientific foundation models, and run AI agents + robotic labs to automate experiments in biotech, critical materials, nuclear fission/fusion, space, quantum, and semiconductors.
Let’s unpack what this order actually builds, and how it could rewire the AI, energy, and science landscape over the next decade:
1/ At the core is a new American Science and Security Platform.
DOE is ordered to turn the national lab system into an integrated stack that provides:
• HPC for large-scale model training, simulation, inference
• Domain foundation models across physics, materials, bio, energy
• AI agents to explore design spaces, evaluate experiments, automate workflows
• Robotic/automated labs + production tools for AI-directed experiments and manufacturing
National-scale AI scientist + AI lab tech as infrastructure.
DOE is ordered to turn the national lab system into an integrated stack that provides:
• HPC for large-scale model training, simulation, inference
• Domain foundation models across physics, materials, bio, energy
• AI agents to explore design spaces, evaluate experiments, automate workflows
• Robotic/automated labs + production tools for AI-directed experiments and manufacturing
National-scale AI scientist + AI lab tech as infrastructure.
2/ The targets are very explicit and very strategic.
Within 60 days, DOE has to propose at least 20 “national challenges” in:
• advanced manufacturing
• biotechnology
• critical materials
• nuclear fission & fusion
• quantum information science
• semiconductors & microelectronics
This is about energy dominance, supply chains, and defense.
Within 60 days, DOE has to propose at least 20 “national challenges” in:
• advanced manufacturing
• biotechnology
• critical materials
• nuclear fission & fusion
• quantum information science
• semiconductors & microelectronics
This is about energy dominance, supply chains, and defense.
The average esoterixbrooo will read Gurdjieff talking about how "every human is asleep, like sheep, under trance" and instead of understanding the QTd tweet (which is not all but the initial step of it) - will think he means "Society fools you with stupid sht bro! Follow your dreams bro! There's secrets out there bruh!!"..
Meanwhile you're being raypd LITERALLY 24/7 like no earthquake or beating or shock, etc actually could (ALL of those would heal, if you survived, and didn't attach to their stories) by this thing in your head that is CONSTANTLY talking, never stopping, always editing things, always shaping things, jumping at EVERYTHING..
The relatively "healthy" are completely unfortunate in this regard bc theirs is either faintly somatized or very very silently talking but still there and will take over the moment it has the chance. The ones with the vicious ones can at least hear it with some focus.
The problem is - you'll completely forget about this tweet & ideas in the next few mins. Some won't ever remember them again. Some will kinda recall here and there but won't do anything with it. And the voice will keep ruling your life. Meanwhile it's very very hard to express how important this is - it's life or death, really.
Meanwhile you're being raypd LITERALLY 24/7 like no earthquake or beating or shock, etc actually could (ALL of those would heal, if you survived, and didn't attach to their stories) by this thing in your head that is CONSTANTLY talking, never stopping, always editing things, always shaping things, jumping at EVERYTHING..
The relatively "healthy" are completely unfortunate in this regard bc theirs is either faintly somatized or very very silently talking but still there and will take over the moment it has the chance. The ones with the vicious ones can at least hear it with some focus.
The problem is - you'll completely forget about this tweet & ideas in the next few mins. Some won't ever remember them again. Some will kinda recall here and there but won't do anything with it. And the voice will keep ruling your life. Meanwhile it's very very hard to express how important this is - it's life or death, really.
inb4 "any boox aboutit pyrate?"
Sit down and listen to the voice in your head for just 3 minutes. Just 3. Then move on with your day and just remember ONCE to listen (NOT follow or think or dream or whatever - just listen to & observe) to your inner voice and do it for a little while, out in the day. Ideally in a relatively intense situation (when stressed, emotionally down, confused, tired, etc). Just observe it like you would as if you're on a safari and seeing a wild animal out there for the first time ever - "Wow, what is this?" Don't call it, follow it, touch it.. Just observe. 3 minutes.
Life or death
Sit down and listen to the voice in your head for just 3 minutes. Just 3. Then move on with your day and just remember ONCE to listen (NOT follow or think or dream or whatever - just listen to & observe) to your inner voice and do it for a little while, out in the day. Ideally in a relatively intense situation (when stressed, emotionally down, confused, tired, etc). Just observe it like you would as if you're on a safari and seeing a wild animal out there for the first time ever - "Wow, what is this?" Don't call it, follow it, touch it.. Just observe. 3 minutes.
Life or death
🚿INDIA'S PROSPERITY BEFORE ISLAM: Evidence from Cairo Geniza (1060–1260 AD)
Long before the first Sultan sat in Delhi, the Indian Ocean was the highway of world trade. India stood at its heart.
Proof: Jewish papers written in Judeo-Arabic.
In Cairo’s historic Ben Ezra Synagogue, 200,000 pages lay forgotten in a geniza over 1000 years. Among them: contracts, letters, dowry lists, tax receipts—and many folios on India.
Scholars at Cambridge Univ have published some of these India fragments (Goitein's "India Book").
These pages list what India produced and exported before any army crossed the Indus to found the Delhi Sultanate.
What India exported to Aden, Cairo, and beyond?
1⃣Raw and simple goods:
Copper, bronze, iron, rice, wheat, oil, vinegar, lemon, ginger, coconut, ghee, sugar, betel nuts, spices, dyes, lacquer, etc.
2⃣Finished goods
Textiles, ready made clothes, scarves, robes, dyed leather, shoes, furniture, carpets, iron and copper lamps, pots, pans, bowls, glasses, teak boards, locks, bedsteads, table jugs, etc.
3⃣Beauty and fashion
Soap (sabun), perfumes, musk, pearls, gems, bracelets, necklaces, silk robes, ornamented mirrors, silver boxes, belts, earrings, jewelry, etc
4⃣Repair work
Broken luxury items from the Middle East were shipped to Indian craftsmen, mended, and sent back.
What India imported in return?
Walnuts, olives, paper, lead, alkali, coral, raisins, dates, cheese, linseed—and silver and gold ingots to pay the bill. Damaged household goods came too, for Indian hands to fix.
The ports: Bharuch (GJ), Thana-Mumbai (MH), Kollam (KL), Malabar coast.
The people:
Jewish letters mention Hindu partners. Jews call them “brother” or “friend.” They trust them with money and family. A Jewish traveller asks his son to lodge with a certain Hindu household on arrival. Hindu names appear as witnesses on Jewish legal contracts.
Hindus and Jews co-own ships. Hindus build ships, repair ships, sail them.
More evidence waits elsewhere: Ajanta and Bagh paintings, temple reliefs, copper-plate grants—all tell the same story of wealth and skill (future 🧵s).
Conclusions:
Before 1200 AD, India was the workshop and fashion house of the known world.
If silk robes, jewellery, soap, and fine steel already left Indian ports for Cairo and Aden centuries before Babur was born, what exactly did the Sultanates or Mughals bring that India did not already have? from where did they bring it?
Long before the first Sultan sat in Delhi, the Indian Ocean was the highway of world trade. India stood at its heart.
Proof: Jewish papers written in Judeo-Arabic.
In Cairo’s historic Ben Ezra Synagogue, 200,000 pages lay forgotten in a geniza over 1000 years. Among them: contracts, letters, dowry lists, tax receipts—and many folios on India.
Scholars at Cambridge Univ have published some of these India fragments (Goitein's "India Book").
These pages list what India produced and exported before any army crossed the Indus to found the Delhi Sultanate.
What India exported to Aden, Cairo, and beyond?
1⃣Raw and simple goods:
Copper, bronze, iron, rice, wheat, oil, vinegar, lemon, ginger, coconut, ghee, sugar, betel nuts, spices, dyes, lacquer, etc.
2⃣Finished goods
Textiles, ready made clothes, scarves, robes, dyed leather, shoes, furniture, carpets, iron and copper lamps, pots, pans, bowls, glasses, teak boards, locks, bedsteads, table jugs, etc.
3⃣Beauty and fashion
Soap (sabun), perfumes, musk, pearls, gems, bracelets, necklaces, silk robes, ornamented mirrors, silver boxes, belts, earrings, jewelry, etc
4⃣Repair work
Broken luxury items from the Middle East were shipped to Indian craftsmen, mended, and sent back.
What India imported in return?
Walnuts, olives, paper, lead, alkali, coral, raisins, dates, cheese, linseed—and silver and gold ingots to pay the bill. Damaged household goods came too, for Indian hands to fix.
The ports: Bharuch (GJ), Thana-Mumbai (MH), Kollam (KL), Malabar coast.
The people:
Jewish letters mention Hindu partners. Jews call them “brother” or “friend.” They trust them with money and family. A Jewish traveller asks his son to lodge with a certain Hindu household on arrival. Hindu names appear as witnesses on Jewish legal contracts.
Hindus and Jews co-own ships. Hindus build ships, repair ships, sail them.
More evidence waits elsewhere: Ajanta and Bagh paintings, temple reliefs, copper-plate grants—all tell the same story of wealth and skill (future 🧵s).
Conclusions:
Before 1200 AD, India was the workshop and fashion house of the known world.
If silk robes, jewellery, soap, and fine steel already left Indian ports for Cairo and Aden centuries before Babur was born, what exactly did the Sultanates or Mughals bring that India did not already have? from where did they bring it?
Sources:
1. Goitein and Friedman, India Traders of the Middle Ages, BRILL
2. Geniza Lab, Princeton Univ,
3. Cairo Genizah, Cambridge Digital Library
Examples of Gujarati cotton, block printed + resist dyed (Left, C-14: 1010 AD +/- 55 years, Found: Cairo) genizalab.princeton.edu/indian-ocean-d…
1. Goitein and Friedman, India Traders of the Middle Ages, BRILL
2. Geniza Lab, Princeton Univ,
3. Cairo Genizah, Cambridge Digital Library
Examples of Gujarati cotton, block printed + resist dyed (Left, C-14: 1010 AD +/- 55 years, Found: Cairo) genizalab.princeton.edu/indian-ocean-d…
The universe isn’t just expanding — it’s speeding up
13.8 billion years after the Big Bang, astronomers expected gravity to slowly slow cosmic expansion. Instead, when they looked deep into space, they found the opposite: the universe is accelerating.
Whatever drives that acceleration makes up ~70% of the cosmos.
We call it dark energy.
We can measure it. We can see its effects. So what is it, really?
13.8 billion years after the Big Bang, astronomers expected gravity to slowly slow cosmic expansion. Instead, when they looked deep into space, they found the opposite: the universe is accelerating.
Whatever drives that acceleration makes up ~70% of the cosmos.
We call it dark energy.
We can measure it. We can see its effects. So what is it, really?
How we figured this out
Cepheid stars: the distance trick
Henrietta Leavitt discovered that certain stars (Cepheid variables) get brighter and dimmer with a regular period — and that period tells you their true brightness → lets us measure distance to faraway galaxies.
Redshift: galaxies on the move
Vesto Slipher used spectra of galaxies to show many had their light stretched to longer, redder wavelengths.
Redder → moving away faster.
Hubble & the expanding universe
Edwin Hubble and Milton Humason combined Cepheid distances with redshift and found a pattern:
>The farther a galaxy is, the faster it’s receding.
That’s the Hubble–Lemaître law: clear evidence that the universe is expanding.
Cepheid stars: the distance trick
Henrietta Leavitt discovered that certain stars (Cepheid variables) get brighter and dimmer with a regular period — and that period tells you their true brightness → lets us measure distance to faraway galaxies.
Redshift: galaxies on the move
Vesto Slipher used spectra of galaxies to show many had their light stretched to longer, redder wavelengths.
Redder → moving away faster.
Hubble & the expanding universe
Edwin Hubble and Milton Humason combined Cepheid distances with redshift and found a pattern:
>The farther a galaxy is, the faster it’s receding.
That’s the Hubble–Lemaître law: clear evidence that the universe is expanding.
The shock: expansion is accelerating
In the 1990s, two teams studied Type Ia supernovae, stellar explosions so consistent in brightness that they act like “standard candles.”
By comparing how bright they should be to how bright they look, you can get distance.
By measuring redshift, you get how fast they’re moving away.
The surprise:
• The supernovae were dimmer and farther away than expected.
• That only made sense if, over billions of years, the universe’s expansion had sped up instead of slowing down.
This cosmic acceleration is what we now attribute to dark energy.
In the 1990s, two teams studied Type Ia supernovae, stellar explosions so consistent in brightness that they act like “standard candles.”
By comparing how bright they should be to how bright they look, you can get distance.
By measuring redshift, you get how fast they’re moving away.
The surprise:
• The supernovae were dimmer and farther away than expected.
• That only made sense if, over billions of years, the universe’s expansion had sped up instead of slowing down.
This cosmic acceleration is what we now attribute to dark energy.
HOW TO COOL AI SERVERS IN LOW EARTH ORBIT—SOLVED
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Revolutionary Cooling for Space-Based AI: Adapting JWST’s Acoustic Cryogenic System for the Next Frontier
The unforgiving vacuum of space, where temperatures plummet to near absolute zero, managing heat is a paradoxical challenge.
Satellites and spacecraft generate internal warmth from electronics, processors, and power systems, but they can’t rely on air or water for dissipation—there’s no atmosphere to conduct it away.
Traditional methods like radiative heat sinks have served us well, beaming excess thermal energy into the void as infrared radiation. Yet, as we push toward deploying massive AI servers in orbit—think constellations of edge-computing nodes for real-time data analysis, autonomous satellite swarms, or even orbital supercomputers—these old reliables fall short.
Enter the James Webb Space Telescope’s (JWST) ingenious cryogenic cooling system, which leverages acoustic waves to chill instruments to just 7 Kelvin (-266°C). This isn’t science fiction; it’s proven technology that’s already orbiting 1.5 million kilometers from Earth.
In this article, we’ll explore how this system can be repurposed to cool space-based AI servers, and why it’s not just superior but the lowest-cost option compared to radiative sinks, thermoelectric coolers, or other alternatives.
The JWST Cooling Marvel: Sound Waves as the Ultimate Chill Factor
At the heart of JWST’s success is its ability to maintain ultra-low temperatures for its sensitive infrared detectors, which peer into the universe’s coolest phenomena—like distant galaxies shrouded in cosmic dust.
Unlike optical telescopes that can tolerate room temperature, JWST’s instruments demand cryogenic conditions to suppress thermal noise, ensuring faint signals aren’t drowned out by the hardware’s own heat.
The star of the show is the pulse-tube cryocooler, a mechanical refrigerator that uses sound waves—specifically, oscillating pressure waves generated by a pair of piston-like pumps—to drive a refrigeration cycle without any moving parts in the cold sections.
Here’s how it breaks down:
1The Acoustic Engine: Linear compressors (essentially high-frequency pistons) create rhythmic pressure pulses, akin to a low-hum rumble from a subwoofer. These “sound waves” propagate through a tube filled with high-pressure helium gas, compressing and expanding it rhythmically.
2The Regenerator Magic: The waves pass through a porous regenerator matrix (made of materials like lead spheres or rare-earth compounds) that stores and releases “coldness.” As the helium expands in the cold end, it absorbs heat from the telescope’s optics; on the compression stroke, that heat is shuttled back toward the warmer sections.
3Multi-Stage Precision: JWST employs a three-stage setup. The first two stages cool to around 18K and 50K using passive techniques like Joule-Thomson expansion (where gas cools as it expands through a valve). The third stage, the pulse-tube heart, drops the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI) to 7K. This staged approach minimizes power draw while maximizing efficiency.
4Heat Exile via Exchangers: Waste heat from the warm end—peaking at about 27°C from electronics and compressors—is captured by compact heat exchangers. These finned, aerospace-grade radiators then radiate it away, often aided by the spacecraft’s deliberate “wobble” (a 2 RPM rotation) to evenly expose surfaces to deep space.
No massive fins needed; the system is sleeker than a smartphone.
This setup consumes just 200-300 watts—less than a desktop PC—yet cools to temperatures unattainable by passive means. It’s vibration-isolated too, with counter-rotating pumps canceling out shakes that could blur JWST’s pinpoint images. Proven over years in orbit, it’s a testament to engineering elegance: turning sound into silence, heat into cosmic clarity.
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Revolutionary Cooling for Space-Based AI: Adapting JWST’s Acoustic Cryogenic System for the Next Frontier
The unforgiving vacuum of space, where temperatures plummet to near absolute zero, managing heat is a paradoxical challenge.
Satellites and spacecraft generate internal warmth from electronics, processors, and power systems, but they can’t rely on air or water for dissipation—there’s no atmosphere to conduct it away.
Traditional methods like radiative heat sinks have served us well, beaming excess thermal energy into the void as infrared radiation. Yet, as we push toward deploying massive AI servers in orbit—think constellations of edge-computing nodes for real-time data analysis, autonomous satellite swarms, or even orbital supercomputers—these old reliables fall short.
Enter the James Webb Space Telescope’s (JWST) ingenious cryogenic cooling system, which leverages acoustic waves to chill instruments to just 7 Kelvin (-266°C). This isn’t science fiction; it’s proven technology that’s already orbiting 1.5 million kilometers from Earth.
In this article, we’ll explore how this system can be repurposed to cool space-based AI servers, and why it’s not just superior but the lowest-cost option compared to radiative sinks, thermoelectric coolers, or other alternatives.
The JWST Cooling Marvel: Sound Waves as the Ultimate Chill Factor
At the heart of JWST’s success is its ability to maintain ultra-low temperatures for its sensitive infrared detectors, which peer into the universe’s coolest phenomena—like distant galaxies shrouded in cosmic dust.
Unlike optical telescopes that can tolerate room temperature, JWST’s instruments demand cryogenic conditions to suppress thermal noise, ensuring faint signals aren’t drowned out by the hardware’s own heat.
The star of the show is the pulse-tube cryocooler, a mechanical refrigerator that uses sound waves—specifically, oscillating pressure waves generated by a pair of piston-like pumps—to drive a refrigeration cycle without any moving parts in the cold sections.
Here’s how it breaks down:
1The Acoustic Engine: Linear compressors (essentially high-frequency pistons) create rhythmic pressure pulses, akin to a low-hum rumble from a subwoofer. These “sound waves” propagate through a tube filled with high-pressure helium gas, compressing and expanding it rhythmically.
2The Regenerator Magic: The waves pass through a porous regenerator matrix (made of materials like lead spheres or rare-earth compounds) that stores and releases “coldness.” As the helium expands in the cold end, it absorbs heat from the telescope’s optics; on the compression stroke, that heat is shuttled back toward the warmer sections.
3Multi-Stage Precision: JWST employs a three-stage setup. The first two stages cool to around 18K and 50K using passive techniques like Joule-Thomson expansion (where gas cools as it expands through a valve). The third stage, the pulse-tube heart, drops the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI) to 7K. This staged approach minimizes power draw while maximizing efficiency.
4Heat Exile via Exchangers: Waste heat from the warm end—peaking at about 27°C from electronics and compressors—is captured by compact heat exchangers. These finned, aerospace-grade radiators then radiate it away, often aided by the spacecraft’s deliberate “wobble” (a 2 RPM rotation) to evenly expose surfaces to deep space.
No massive fins needed; the system is sleeker than a smartphone.
This setup consumes just 200-300 watts—less than a desktop PC—yet cools to temperatures unattainable by passive means. It’s vibration-isolated too, with counter-rotating pumps canceling out shakes that could blur JWST’s pinpoint images. Proven over years in orbit, it’s a testament to engineering elegance: turning sound into silence, heat into cosmic clarity.
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Imagine a future where AI doesn’t just analyze Earth observation data from the ground but processes it in real-time from space.
Space-based AI servers could power:
Autonomous satellite fleets for collision avoidance and formation flying.
Edge AI for deep-space missions, crunching sensor data on Mars rovers or lunar habitats without latency-inducing Earth roundtrips.
Global data hubs in low-Earth orbit (LEO), handling petabytes from IoT constellations like Starlink, training models on hyperspectral imagery or climate simulations.
These servers, packed with GPUs and neural processors, generate ferocious heat—up to 500W per rack in miniaturized form factors.
Overheating throttles performance, reduces lifespan, and risks mission failure.
Enter the JWST cryocooler, adapted for AI:
Modular Integration: Scale down the pulse-tube unit to fit server bays. A single cryocooler could chill multiple chip stacks, maintaining CPUs/GPUs at 200-250K (-73°C to -23°C)—optimal for silicon efficiency without exotic superconductors. For quantum-hybrid AI, push to 50K.
Vibration Management: AI hardware is less jitter-sensitive than optics, but the system’s inherent balancing (via opposed pistons) ensures minimal interference, unlike clunky centrifugal fans.
Power and Size Efficiency: At under 50 kg per unit and 100-200W draw, it’s featherweight compared to bulkier alternatives. Deploy via rideshare rockets like Falcon 9, slashing launch costs.
Closed-Loop Resilience: Helium is recycled indefinitely, with no consumables—ideal for decade-long missions. Sensors monitor temps, auto-adjusting wave frequencies for variable AI loads (e.g., spiking during inference bursts).
This isn’t hypothetical; NASA’s cryocooler tech has spun off to commercial cryo-fridges. Firms like Northrop Grumman (JWST’s builder) could certify AI variants by 2027, aligning with xAI’s orbital ambitions or SpaceX’s compute sats.
Why JWST’s Acoustic Cooling Reigns Supreme: Cost and Performance Edge
In space cooling’s arena, radiative heat sinks are the grizzled veterans: simple aluminum panels coated in white paint or optical mirrors to emit infrared while reflecting sunlight. They work passively—no power, no moving parts—but they’re thermal slugs for high-heat apps. Let’s stack the JWST system against them and other contenders:
Vs. Radiative Heat Sinks:
Efficiency Over Bulk
Radiators excel for low-heat payloads (e.g., 10-50W), but AI servers belch 100x that. To dump 500W, you’d need 10-20 m² of finned panels—adding 100+ kg and ballooning satellite volume.
Launch costs? $5,000-$10,000 per kg on Starship, so that’s $500K-$1M extra per bird. JWST’s cryocooler? Handles 300W in a 1 m³ package under 50 kg—launch savings alone: $250K+. Plus, radiators demand prime real estate on the spacecraft’s cold side (away from Sun/Earth), complicating design and risking uneven cooling. The acoustic system internalizes heat management, freeing surfaces for solar arrays or antennas. In LEO, where orbits flip between sun and shade, cryocoolers provide steady temps; radiators swing wildly, stressing electronics.
Vs. Other Methods:
Lowest Lifecycle TCO
Thermoelectric (Peltier) Coolers: Solid-state zaps using voltage differentials. Great for small gaps (delta-T of 70K), but inefficient (COP <0.5) and power-hungry (2-3x input for output cooling). For AI’s kilowatts, they’d guzzle batteries, shortening missions. Cost: $10K+ per module, plus high failure rates from thermal cycling. JWST’s COP >1.5 means more cooling per watt—extending solar-powered ops by 20-30%.
Sublimators/Evaporative Systems: Water or ammonia “sweats” heat away, but they’re consumable (lose mass over time) and risky (freezing clogs). Fine for short bursts (e.g., Apollo), disastrous for persistent AI sats. Refill missions? Astronomical costs.
Imagine a future where AI doesn’t just analyze Earth observation data from the ground but processes it in real-time from space.
Space-based AI servers could power:
Autonomous satellite fleets for collision avoidance and formation flying.
Edge AI for deep-space missions, crunching sensor data on Mars rovers or lunar habitats without latency-inducing Earth roundtrips.
Global data hubs in low-Earth orbit (LEO), handling petabytes from IoT constellations like Starlink, training models on hyperspectral imagery or climate simulations.
These servers, packed with GPUs and neural processors, generate ferocious heat—up to 500W per rack in miniaturized form factors.
Overheating throttles performance, reduces lifespan, and risks mission failure.
Enter the JWST cryocooler, adapted for AI:
Modular Integration: Scale down the pulse-tube unit to fit server bays. A single cryocooler could chill multiple chip stacks, maintaining CPUs/GPUs at 200-250K (-73°C to -23°C)—optimal for silicon efficiency without exotic superconductors. For quantum-hybrid AI, push to 50K.
Vibration Management: AI hardware is less jitter-sensitive than optics, but the system’s inherent balancing (via opposed pistons) ensures minimal interference, unlike clunky centrifugal fans.
Power and Size Efficiency: At under 50 kg per unit and 100-200W draw, it’s featherweight compared to bulkier alternatives. Deploy via rideshare rockets like Falcon 9, slashing launch costs.
Closed-Loop Resilience: Helium is recycled indefinitely, with no consumables—ideal for decade-long missions. Sensors monitor temps, auto-adjusting wave frequencies for variable AI loads (e.g., spiking during inference bursts).
This isn’t hypothetical; NASA’s cryocooler tech has spun off to commercial cryo-fridges. Firms like Northrop Grumman (JWST’s builder) could certify AI variants by 2027, aligning with xAI’s orbital ambitions or SpaceX’s compute sats.
Why JWST’s Acoustic Cooling Reigns Supreme: Cost and Performance Edge
In space cooling’s arena, radiative heat sinks are the grizzled veterans: simple aluminum panels coated in white paint or optical mirrors to emit infrared while reflecting sunlight. They work passively—no power, no moving parts—but they’re thermal slugs for high-heat apps. Let’s stack the JWST system against them and other contenders:
Vs. Radiative Heat Sinks:
Efficiency Over Bulk
Radiators excel for low-heat payloads (e.g., 10-50W), but AI servers belch 100x that. To dump 500W, you’d need 10-20 m² of finned panels—adding 100+ kg and ballooning satellite volume.
Launch costs? $5,000-$10,000 per kg on Starship, so that’s $500K-$1M extra per bird. JWST’s cryocooler? Handles 300W in a 1 m³ package under 50 kg—launch savings alone: $250K+. Plus, radiators demand prime real estate on the spacecraft’s cold side (away from Sun/Earth), complicating design and risking uneven cooling. The acoustic system internalizes heat management, freeing surfaces for solar arrays or antennas. In LEO, where orbits flip between sun and shade, cryocoolers provide steady temps; radiators swing wildly, stressing electronics.
Vs. Other Methods:
Lowest Lifecycle TCO
Thermoelectric (Peltier) Coolers: Solid-state zaps using voltage differentials. Great for small gaps (delta-T of 70K), but inefficient (COP <0.5) and power-hungry (2-3x input for output cooling). For AI’s kilowatts, they’d guzzle batteries, shortening missions. Cost: $10K+ per module, plus high failure rates from thermal cycling. JWST’s COP >1.5 means more cooling per watt—extending solar-powered ops by 20-30%.
Sublimators/Evaporative Systems: Water or ammonia “sweats” heat away, but they’re consumable (lose mass over time) and risky (freezing clogs). Fine for short bursts (e.g., Apollo), disastrous for persistent AI sats. Refill missions? Astronomical costs.
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Stirling or Brayton Cycles: Gas-based compressors like JWST’s kin, but bulkier and vibration-prone without acoustic finesse. JWST’s pulse-tube variant is 30% lighter, per NASA benchmarks.
The Cost Calculus: Upfront, a JWST-derived unit might run $500K-$1M (R&D amortized over production).
But lifecycle? Radiators add $1M+ in mass penalties per sat; cryocoolers cut that by 70%, plus 15-20% efficiency gains reduce solar panel needs (another $200K saved). Reliability: JWST’s system has logged 10,000+ hours flawlessly—no breakdowns in orbit. MTBF (mean time between failures) exceeds 10 years, vs. 5 for radiators under thermal fatigue. For a 100-sat AI constellation, that’s billions in avoided relaunches.
Environmentally? Cryocoolers minimize material use: no vast radiator farms cluttering orbits, reducing Kessler syndrome risks.
The Cosmic Payoff: Ushering in an AI-Powered Space Age
Adapting JWST’s sound-wave symphony for space AI isn’t just incremental—it’s transformative. It enables denser, hotter compute without the drag of outdated cooling, democratizing orbital AI for startups and nations alike. As xAI eyes the stars, this tech could be the linchpin: low-cost, low-mass, high-performance cooling that turns sci-fi into satellite reality.
Critics might balk at “moving parts” in space, but JWST’s zero-failure run since 2021 silences that.
The future? Hybrid systems blending acoustics with phase-change materials for burst loads. One thing’s certain: in the cold calculus of space, the coolest ideas win—and JWST’s just got the beat.
Stirling or Brayton Cycles: Gas-based compressors like JWST’s kin, but bulkier and vibration-prone without acoustic finesse. JWST’s pulse-tube variant is 30% lighter, per NASA benchmarks.
The Cost Calculus: Upfront, a JWST-derived unit might run $500K-$1M (R&D amortized over production).
But lifecycle? Radiators add $1M+ in mass penalties per sat; cryocoolers cut that by 70%, plus 15-20% efficiency gains reduce solar panel needs (another $200K saved). Reliability: JWST’s system has logged 10,000+ hours flawlessly—no breakdowns in orbit. MTBF (mean time between failures) exceeds 10 years, vs. 5 for radiators under thermal fatigue. For a 100-sat AI constellation, that’s billions in avoided relaunches.
Environmentally? Cryocoolers minimize material use: no vast radiator farms cluttering orbits, reducing Kessler syndrome risks.
The Cosmic Payoff: Ushering in an AI-Powered Space Age
Adapting JWST’s sound-wave symphony for space AI isn’t just incremental—it’s transformative. It enables denser, hotter compute without the drag of outdated cooling, democratizing orbital AI for startups and nations alike. As xAI eyes the stars, this tech could be the linchpin: low-cost, low-mass, high-performance cooling that turns sci-fi into satellite reality.
Critics might balk at “moving parts” in space, but JWST’s zero-failure run since 2021 silences that.
The future? Hybrid systems blending acoustics with phase-change materials for burst loads. One thing’s certain: in the cold calculus of space, the coolest ideas win—and JWST’s just got the beat.
@_krsnaxrai @MuhammadZA39 @Teestaduhitr Yeah, still it means our people migrated to it, but later again turned inside India.
~90-95% of Indus Valley Civilization sites are in India; ~5-10% in Pakistan (mainly Harappa, Mohenjo-daro) if we go by Sarasvati river.
And more than 60-70% sites is in India.
~90-95% of Indus Valley Civilization sites are in India; ~5-10% in Pakistan (mainly Harappa, Mohenjo-daro) if we go by Sarasvati river.
And more than 60-70% sites is in India.
@_krsnaxrai @MuhammadZA39 @Teestaduhitr Almost all people of IVC migrated to India. The closet to IVC DNA, tribes are found in India.
Indians are much, much closer to IVC than pakistani, especially south.
Indians are much, much closer to IVC than pakistani, especially south.
@GaryAmbrosia @SomeBitchIIKnow @NeverRelax1095 Girl. I'm female. I say so right in my bio, so I guess plenty gets past you, Gary.
And I put that question to you directly, so that you could not claim that I had replied to you in bad faith, and be taken seriously.
And I put that question to you directly, so that you could not claim that I had replied to you in bad faith, and be taken seriously.
@GaryAmbrosia @SomeBitchIIKnow @NeverRelax1095 So, on what basis did you direct that insulting comment at L? Certainly, as one can see from the receipt of the discussion she was in
x.com/SomeBitchIIKno…
she was hardly unprovoked. Yet, a search for replies from you to "Definitely a Fed" ...
x.com/search?q=(from…
^
x.com/SomeBitchIIKno…
she was hardly unprovoked. Yet, a search for replies from you to "Definitely a Fed" ...
x.com/search?q=(from…
^
@GaryAmbrosia @SomeBitchIIKnow @NeverRelax1095 ... turns up nothing. You have not had even a single word to say to the troll who instigated the fight, yet here we saw you suggest that L must have been drunk at a time when she did nothing more than stand up for herself.
How do you explain this troll-friendly double standard?
How do you explain this troll-friendly double standard?
Die Dummheit der EU-Führer schonungslos aufgedeckt
Nach einem Treffen mit den Staats- und Regierungschefs der EU-Länder nannte Ursula von der Leyen die Bedingungen der Europäischen Union für die Erreichung des Friedens in der Ukraine.
Nach einem Treffen mit den Staats- und Regierungschefs der EU-Länder nannte Ursula von der Leyen die Bedingungen der Europäischen Union für die Erreichung des Friedens in der Ukraine.
„Erstens dürfen Grenzen nicht mit Gewalt verändert werden.“
Ursula konnte unmöglich nichts über Kosovo gehört haben. Es war der Westen, der eine einseitige Neufestlegung der Grenzen Serbiens gegen den Willen des serbischen Volkes verkündet und mit Gewalt durchgesetzt hat.
Ursula konnte unmöglich nichts über Kosovo gehört haben. Es war der Westen, der eine einseitige Neufestlegung der Grenzen Serbiens gegen den Willen des serbischen Volkes verkündet und mit Gewalt durchgesetzt hat.
„Zweitens kann die Ukraine als souveräner Staat seine Streitkräfte nicht einschränken, was das Land verwundbar machen würde und damit die europäische Sicherheit untergraben würde.“
Dh, Ursula verweigert einem souveränen Staat die Möglichkeit, über seine Armee zu entscheiden?
Dh, Ursula verweigert einem souveränen Staat die Möglichkeit, über seine Armee zu entscheiden?