Thread by @indiohistorian

#TodayinHistory in 1896, at 12:45 pm, 13 Filipinos were executed by the Spanish authorities in front of Plaza de Armas, near Fort San Felipe #Cavite, for aiding the #PH Revolution of 1896. They would be known in history as the Trece Mártires de Cavite. (THREAD)

With the Philippine Revolution in full swing, Emilio Aguinaldo who led the revolutionary forces in Cavite awaited the signal w/ the supposed blackout on Luneta for the operations to proceed, scheduled on 30 August.

Bonifacio & revolutionary forces began their attack as scheduled, but this ended in defeat. With the blackout never happening, the Cavite revolutionaries decided to wait it out on the coordinated attack.

However, the Spanish authorities in Cavite learned of the attack & rounded up suspects. One of them, Alfonso de Ocampo, under torture, revealed the names of those involved. Arrests were made, including Julian Felipe, who was in prison for 9 months.

Aguinaldo's forces waged the Battle of Imus on 1-3 Sept that ended in victory. This alarmed the Spanish authorities. While many of those initially arrested were either exiled or freed, on 11 Sept, the 12, among those identitied by de Ocampo, & himself were given a death sentence.

At 12:45 pm, the 13—Maximo Inocencio, Luis Aguado, Victoriano Luciano, Hugo Perez, Jose Lallana, Antonio San Agustin, Agapito Conchu, Feliciano Cabuco, Maximo Gregorio, Eugenio Cabezas, Severino Lapidario, Alfonso de Ocampo, & Francisco Osorio—were all led out from their cells...

... and faced death via a firing squad at the Plaza de Armas. They were honored by the Caviteño revolutionaries who successfully mounted their rebellion vs. Spain. Almost all of them were men of influence, former officials in the Spanish forces, and professionals.

*Photo: Mural art of the 13 martyrs of Cavite, featured in the Official Calendar of the Republic (2015).

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