Thread by @LottieHistory

In honour of #WomensHistoryMonth here's some female sporting heroes who challenged the male domination of sport, making way for women to have their own competitive sports, and to make playing sport and publicly exercising socially acceptable for women. #twitterhistorians #IWD

Katherine Switzer (pic above) is the first woman to run the Boston Marathon. Since the marathon began in 1897 only men were allowed to enter. In 1967 Katherine was officially registered to run, but during the race, the manager ran after her and tried to grab her bib from her to

end her race. Several men came to her aid, and Katherine finished the marathon. Women were not officially allowed in any US marathons until 1972. The first women's Olympic marathon was in 1984 (men's was 1896), won by US runner Joan Benoit.

From the age of 9 American Bianca Valenti wanted to be a professional surfer and trained every day. There were female competitions but she soon found out it was virtually impossible for women to make a living from this because of tiny sponsorship deals for them, and no one was

promoting female big-wave competitions in the media. She founded the Committee for Equity in Women's Surfing and encouraged big-name male surfers to promote the women's version. Something she fought for, the world's biggest surf competition to have equal prize money for men and

women happened in 2016. In 2019 the US women's football team (soccer) launched a legal bid to get paid as much as their male counterparts, having been told for years that they get paid less because women's football doesn't bring in as much money. The US women's team had

consistently achieved more success than the men's team, but were paid less than half the men were. In February 2022 the women's team settled for $24m and their sporting federation agreed to make conditions better for women but didn't confirm equal pay.

Londoner Elizabeth Wilkinson was one of the first professional female boxers, a champion between 1725 and 1728, then becoming an instructor. She was famous, but stopped being written about by the Victorian era when women's professional sport was greatly diminished.

Nettie Honeyball founded the British Ladies Football Club in 1895. She had to use a fake name as she was from a middle class family, and sports that 'weren't ladylike' were seen to be beneath her class. Their first match had over 12,000 men and women watching. They were unable to

logistically keep a professional league going, not having access to money as easily as men, and having family and childcare issues. Womens professional football league in the UK didn't start again until 2010. There are 12 professional teams, all earning a fraction of male players

Frenchwoman Michele Moulton (left) is the only woman to have recorded a World Rally Championship victory. Italian Leila Lombardi (right) is the only woman to have won Formula One points (both in 1970s). Women were not allowed to enter races until 1958 when Italian Maria de

Filippis (1926-2016) was the first woman to enter Formula One. She paved the way for other female professional drivers. One female driver gave an anonymous interview in the 90s saying sponsors are only interested in sexy women who will provocatively pose to promote their cars,

this is the only way they can earn a living in racing, and it's still nowhere near what men earn. People underestimate how hard it has been for women to get their own professional sports and how they still face challenges of sexism and inequality #WomensHistoryMonth #IWD #IWD2022