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#FahamuNaFesto: Herd immunity (population immunity, herd effect, community immunity or social immunity ) au kwa tafsiri ya kiswahili kinga ya jamii, kinga ya kundi.
Nianze kwa mfano: Nyumbani mnaishi watu 10, ikatokea umeingia ugonjwa unaoweza kuambukiza. ukawapata watu sita kati yenu, lakini hawa watu sita walioambukizwa miili yao ikatengeneza kinga dhidi ya ugonjwa huo. (Mwili wenyewe ukaweza kutengeneza kinga dhidi ya ugonjwa)
Kutengeneza kinga ina maana mwili umeweza kupambana na ugonjwa hivyo kuzuia mtu huyo kupata athari zinazotokana na ugonjwa huo lakini pia mtu huyu hataweza tena kuambukiza watu wengine. Hivyo nyie wengine wanne mliobaki hamtapata ugonjwa.
Ulishawahi kusikia "kama ulishawahi kuugua ugonjwa huu hauwezi tena kujirudia" mfano mzuri tetekuwanga (chicken pox) unaugua mara moja tu. unadhani kwanini? ni sababu ukishaugua mwili wako unatengeneza kinga hivyo huwezi ugua tena na wala huwezi kuambukizwa.
Herd Imm: Ni aina ya kinga isiyo ya moja kwa moja (indirect immunity) dhidi ya ugonjwa inayotokea pale ambapo asilimia kubwa ya watu wana kinga dhidi ya ugonjwa husika iwe kwa njia ya maambukizo ya awali au chanjo hivyo kutoa kiwango cha ulinzi kwa watu ambao hawana kinga.
Kuna aina mbili za kufanikisha herd immunity.
1. Kuruhusu kundi kubwa la watu wapate ugonjwa na hivyo kujitengenezea kinga.
2. Kutoa kinga kwa kundi kubwa la watu.

Ikiwa ugonjwa husika hauna chanjo inatumika njia ya kwanza.
Wanatoaje kinga? Wakishatengeneza kinga hawatakuwa na uwezo wa kuambukiza au kuambukizwa hivyo kupunguza kasi ya kuenea kwa ugonjwa. Mfano: Asilimia 80 ya watu wakiwa na kinga watu wanne kati ya watano (4:5) watakaokutana na mtu mwenye ugonjwa hawataugua na hawatausambaza.
Inategemea na kasi ya maambukizi ya ugonjwa husika kwa kawaida inahitaji asilimia 70% mpaka 90% ya watu kuwa na kinga ili kuwe na kinga jamii (herd immune). Njia hii (kwa kutumia chanjo) ndio imefanikisha dunia kupambana na ugonjwa wa smallpox (ndui) mwaka 1977.
Kwa magonjwa mengine kama tetekuwanga imeonekana kuwa na majibu chanya. Taasisi ya @JohnsHopkinsSPH imeeleza kuwa ni ngumu kutabiri linapokuja janga (pandemic) kama SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19) kwani kuna hatari zaidi ya kupelekea mahututi au kifo kutokana na ugonjwa wenyewe.
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